Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
In commit f8f4aaead5 ("perf annotate: Finally display IPC and cycle
accounting") the 'pcnt_width' variable was abused in a few places to
also include the optional width of the "IPC" and "cycles" columns, while
in other places we stopped using 'pcnt_width' and instead its previous
equation...
Now that we need to tap into annotate_browser__pcnt_width() to consider
if --show-total-period is being used and instead of that hardcoded 7
(strlen("Percent")) we need to use it or strlen("Event count") we need
this properly clarified to avoid having to touch all the (7 * nr_events)
places.
Clarify this by introducing a separate annotate_browser__cycles_width()
to leave the pcnt_width calculate just what its name implies.
Cc: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-szgb07t4k5wtvks8nzwkg710@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
struct sym_hist has addr[] but it should have not only number of samples
but also the sample period. So use new struct symhist_entry to pave the
way to have that.
Committer notes:
This initial patch will only introduce the struct sym_hist_entry and use
only the nr_samples member, which makes the code clearer and paves the
way to save the period as well.
Signed-off-by: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500500205-16553-1-git-send-email-treeze.taeung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
For marking fused instructions clearly this patch adds a line before the
first instruction of pair and joins it with the arrow of the jump to its
target.
For example, when "je" is selected in annotate view, the line before
cmpl is displayed and joins the arrow of "je".
│ ┌──cmpl $0x0,argp_program_version_hook
81.93 │ ├──je 20
│ │ lock cmpxchg %esi,0x38a9a4(%rip)
│ │↓ jne 29
│ │↓ jmp 43
11.47 │20:└─→cmpxch %esi,0x38a999(%rip)
That means the cmpl+je is a fused instruction pair and they should be
considered together.
Changelog:
v3: Use Arnaldo's fix to improve the arrow origin rendering. To get the
evsel->evlist->env->cpuid, save the evsel in annotate_browser.
v2: new function "ins__is_fused" to check if the instructions are fused.
Signed-off-by: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1499403995-19857-3-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Macro fusion merges two instructions to a single micro-op. Intel core
platform performs this hardware optimization under limited
circumstances.
For example, CMP + JCC can be "fused" and executed /retired together.
While with sampling this can result in the sample sometimes being on the
JCC and sometimes on the CMP. So for the fused instruction pair, they
could be considered together.
On Nehalem, fused instruction pairs:
cmp/test + jcc.
On other new CPU:
cmp/test/add/sub/and/inc/dec + jcc.
This patch adds an x86-specific function which checks if 2 instructions
are in a "fused" pair. For non-x86 arch, the function is just NULL.
Changelog:
v4: Move the CPU model checking to symbol__disassemble and save the CPU
family/model in arch structure.
It avoids checking every time when jump arrow printed.
v3: Add checking for Nehalem (CMP, TEST). For other newer Intel CPUs
just check it by default (CMP, TEST, ADD, SUB, AND, INC, DEC).
v2: Remove the original weak function. Arnaldo points out that doing it
as a weak function that will be overridden by the host arch doesn't
work. So now it's implemented as an arch-specific function.
Committer fix:
Do not access evsel->evlist->env->cpuid, ->env can be null, introduce
perf_evsel__env_cpuid(), just like perf_evsel__env_arch(), also used in
this function call.
The original patch was segfaulting 'perf top' + annotation.
But this essentially disables this fused instructions augmentation in
'perf top', the right thing is to get the cpuid from the running kernel,
left for a later patch tho.
Signed-off-by: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1499403995-19857-2-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The annotate browser is divided into 2 frames. Left frame contains 3
columns (some platforms only have one column).
For example:
│26 int compute_flag()
│27 {
22.80 1.20 │ sub $0x8,%rsp
│25 int i;
│
│27 i = rand() % 2;
22.78 1.20 1 │ → callq rand@plt
While it's hard for user to understand what the data is.
This patch adds the titles "Percent", "IPC" and "Cycle" on columns.
Percent IPC Cycle │
│25 __attribute__((noinline))
│26 int compute_flag()
│27 {
22.80 1.20 │ sub $0x8,%rsp
│25 int i;
│
│27 i = rand() % 2;
22.78 1.20 1 │ → callq rand@plt
The titles are displayed at row 0 of annotate browser if row 0 doesn't
have values of percent, ipc and cycle.
Signed-off-by: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Yao Jin <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1493909895-9668-3-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
If jump target is outside of function range, perf is not handling it
correctly. Especially when target address is lesser than function start
address, target offset will be negative. But, target address declared to
be unsigned, converts negative number into 2's complement. See below
example. Here target of 'jumpq' instruction at 34cf8 is 34ac0 which is
lesser than function start address(34cf0).
34ac0 - 34cf0 = -0x230 = 0xfffffffffffffdd0
Objdump output:
0000000000034cf0 <__sigaction>:
__GI___sigaction():
34cf0: lea -0x20(%rdi),%eax
34cf3: cmp -bashx1,%eax
34cf6: jbe 34d00 <__sigaction+0x10>
34cf8: jmpq 34ac0 <__GI___libc_sigaction>
34cfd: nopl (%rax)
34d00: mov 0x386161(%rip),%rax # 3bae68 <_DYNAMIC+0x2e8>
34d07: movl -bashx16,%fs:(%rax)
34d0e: mov -bashxffffffff,%eax
34d13: retq
perf annotate before applying patch:
__GI___sigaction /usr/lib64/libc-2.22.so
lea -0x20(%rdi),%eax
cmp -bashx1,%eax
v jbe 10
v jmpq fffffffffffffdd0
nop
10: mov _DYNAMIC+0x2e8,%rax
movl -bashx16,%fs:(%rax)
mov -bashxffffffff,%eax
retq
perf annotate after applying patch:
__GI___sigaction /usr/lib64/libc-2.22.so
lea -0x20(%rdi),%eax
cmp -bashx1,%eax
v jbe 10
^ jmpq 34ac0 <__GI___libc_sigaction>
nop
10: mov _DYNAMIC+0x2e8,%rax
movl -bashx16,%fs:(%rax)
mov -bashxffffffff,%eax
retq
Signed-off-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Chris Riyder <chris.ryder@arm.com>
Cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@arm.com>
Cc: Markus Trippelsdorf <markus@trippelsdorf.de>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1480953407-7605-3-git-send-email-ravi.bangoria@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We were just using pr_error() which makes it difficult for non stdio UIs
to provide errors using its widgets, as they need to somehow catch what
was passed to pr_error().
Fix it by introducing a __strerror() interface like the ones used
elsewhere, for instance target__strerror().
This is just the initial step, more work will be done, but first some
error handling bugs noticed while working on this need to be dealt with.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-dgd22zl2xg7x4vcnoa83jxfb@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add two new columns to the annotate display and display the average
cycles and the compute IPC if available.
When the LBR was not in any branch mode the IPC computation is
automatically disabled. We still display the cycle information.
Example output (with made up numbers):
The second column is the IPC and third average cycles.
│ __attribute__((noinline)) f2()
│ {
5.15 0.07 │ push %rbp
0.01 0.07 │ mov %rsp,%rbp
│ c = a / b;
9.87 0.07 │ mov a,%eax
0.07 │ mov b,%ecx
0.07 │ cltd
4.92 0.07 123│ idiv %ecx
70.79 0.07 │ mov %eax,__TMC_END__
│ }
9.25 0.07 │ pop %rbp
0.01 0.07 123│ ← retq
v2: Fix display problems.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1437233094-12844-7-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Compute the IPC and the basic block cycles for the annotate display.
IPC is computed by counting the instructions, and then dividing the
accounted cycles by that count.
The actual IPC computation can only be done at annotate time, because we
need to parse the objdump output first to know the number of
instructions in the basic block.
The cycles/IPC are also put into the perf function annotation so that
the display code can show them.
Again basic block overlaps are not handled, with the longest winning,
but there are some heuristics to hide the IPC when the longest is not
the most common.
v2: Compute IPC correctly.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1437233094-12844-6-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
It was inconvenient that perf cannot be quit with SIGINT during
processing samples on TUI especially for large data files.
This was because the first argument of SLang_init_tty(), abort_char,
being 0. The manual says it's the ascii value of the control character
that will be used to generate the interrupt signal [1]. Passing -1
means to use the default value (Ctrl-C).
However, after processing samples, Ctrl-C was used to in other cases as
well - like stepping back from annotate. So recover the original
behavior after processing.
[1] http://jedsoft.org/slang/doc/html/cslang-6.html#ss6.1
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1432904024-13170-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
With srcline key/sort'ing it's useful to have line numbers in the
annotate window. This patch implements this.
Use objdump -l to request the line numbers and save them in the line
structure. Then the browser displays them for source lines.
The line numbers are not displayed by default, but can be toggled on
with 'k'
There is one unfortunate problem with this setup. For lines not
containing source and which are outside functions objdump -l reports
line numbers off by a few: it always reports the first line number in
the next function even for lines that are outside the function.
I haven't found a nice way to detect/correct this. Probably objdump has
to be fixed.
See https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16433
The line numbers are still useful even with these problems, as most are
correct and the ones which are not are nearby.
v2: Fix help text. Handle (discriminator...) output in objdump.
Left align the line numbers.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1415844328-4884-9-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
