fs: icache RCU free inodes

RCU free the struct inode. This will allow:

- Subsequent store-free path walking patch. The inode must be consulted for
  permissions when walking, so an RCU inode reference is a must.
- sb_inode_list_lock to be moved inside i_lock because sb list walkers who want
  to take i_lock no longer need to take sb_inode_list_lock to walk the list in
  the first place. This will simplify and optimize locking.
- Could remove some nested trylock loops in dcache code
- Could potentially simplify things a bit in VM land. Do not need to take the
  page lock to follow page->mapping.

The downsides of this is the performance cost of using RCU. In a simple
creat/unlink microbenchmark, performance drops by about 10% due to inability to
reuse cache-hot slab objects. As iterations increase and RCU freeing starts
kicking over, this increases to about 20%.

In cases where inode lifetimes are longer (ie. many inodes may be allocated
during the average life span of a single inode), a lot of this cache reuse is
not applicable, so the regression caused by this patch is smaller.

The cache-hot regression could largely be avoided by using SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU,
however this adds some complexity to list walking and store-free path walking,
so I prefer to implement this at a later date, if it is shown to be a win in
real situations. I haven't found a regression in any non-micro benchmark so I
doubt it will be a problem.

Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>

fs/nilfs2/super.c

@@ -162,10 +162,13 @@ struct inode *nilfs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
 	return &ii->vfs_inode;
 }
 
-void nilfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+static void nilfs_i_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
 {
+	struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
 	struct nilfs_mdt_info *mdi = NILFS_MDT(inode);
 
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_dentry);
+
 	if (mdi) {
 		kfree(mdi->mi_bgl); /* kfree(NULL) is safe */
 		kfree(mdi);
@@ -173,6 +176,11 @@ void nilfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	kmem_cache_free(nilfs_inode_cachep, NILFS_I(inode));
 }
 
+void nilfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, nilfs_i_callback);
+}
+
 static int nilfs_sync_super(struct nilfs_sb_info *sbi, int flag)
 {
 	struct the_nilfs *nilfs = sbi->s_nilfs;