crush: add chooseleaf_vary_r tunable

The current crush_choose_firstn code will re-use the same 'r' value for
the recursive call.  That means that if we are hitting a collision or
rejection for some reason (say, an OSD that is marked out) and need to
retry, we will keep making the same (bad) choice in that recursive
selection.

Introduce a tunable that fixes that behavior by incorporating the parent
'r' value into the recursive starting point, so that a different path
will be taken in subsequent placement attempts.

Note that this was done from the get-go for the new crush_choose_indep
algorithm.

This was exposed by a user who was seeing PGs stuck in active+remapped
after reweight-by-utilization because the up set mapped to a single OSD.

Reflects ceph.git commit a8e6c9fbf88bad056dd05d3eb790e98a5e43451a.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <ilya.dryomov@inktank.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Durgin <josh.durgin@inktank.com>

include/linux/crush/crush.h

@@ -173,6 +173,12 @@ struct crush_map {
 	 * apply to a collision: in that case we will retry as we used
 	 * to. */
 	__u32 chooseleaf_descend_once;
+
+	/* if non-zero, feed r into chooseleaf, bit-shifted right by (r-1)
+	 * bits.  a value of 1 is best for new clusters.  for legacy clusters
+	 * that want to limit reshuffling, a value of 3 or 4 will make the
+	 * mappings line up a bit better with previous mappings. */
+	__u8 chooseleaf_vary_r;
 };