kcsan: Add Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer infrastructure

Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer (KCSAN) is a dynamic data-race detector for
kernel space. KCSAN is a sampling watchpoint-based data-race detector.
See the included Documentation/dev-tools/kcsan.rst for more details.

This patch adds basic infrastructure, but does not yet enable KCSAN for
any architecture.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

include/linux/kcsan.h

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_KCSAN_H
+#define _LINUX_KCSAN_H
+
+#include <linux/kcsan-checks.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KCSAN
+
+/*
+ * Context for each thread of execution: for tasks, this is stored in
+ * task_struct, and interrupts access internal per-CPU storage.
+ */
+struct kcsan_ctx {
+	int disable_count; /* disable counter */
+	int atomic_next; /* number of following atomic ops */
+
+	/*
+	 * We distinguish between: (a) nestable atomic regions that may contain
+	 * other nestable regions; and (b) flat atomic regions that do not keep
+	 * track of nesting. Both (a) and (b) are entirely independent of each
+	 * other, and a flat region may be started in a nestable region or
+	 * vice-versa.
+	 *
+	 * This is required because, for example, in the annotations for
+	 * seqlocks, we declare seqlock writer critical sections as (a) nestable
+	 * atomic regions, but reader critical sections as (b) flat atomic
+	 * regions, but have encountered cases where seqlock reader critical
+	 * sections are contained within writer critical sections (the opposite
+	 * may be possible, too).
+	 *
+	 * To support these cases, we independently track the depth of nesting
+	 * for (a), and whether the leaf level is flat for (b).
+	 */
+	int atomic_nest_count;
+	bool in_flat_atomic;
+};
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_init - initialize KCSAN runtime
+ */
+void kcsan_init(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_disable_current - disable KCSAN for the current context
+ *
+ * Supports nesting.
+ */
+void kcsan_disable_current(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_enable_current - re-enable KCSAN for the current context
+ *
+ * Supports nesting.
+ */
+void kcsan_enable_current(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_nestable_atomic_begin - begin nestable atomic region
+ *
+ * Accesses within the atomic region may appear to race with other accesses but
+ * should be considered atomic.
+ */
+void kcsan_nestable_atomic_begin(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_nestable_atomic_end - end nestable atomic region
+ */
+void kcsan_nestable_atomic_end(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_flat_atomic_begin - begin flat atomic region
+ *
+ * Accesses within the atomic region may appear to race with other accesses but
+ * should be considered atomic.
+ */
+void kcsan_flat_atomic_begin(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_flat_atomic_end - end flat atomic region
+ */
+void kcsan_flat_atomic_end(void);
+
+/**
+ * kcsan_atomic_next - consider following accesses as atomic
+ *
+ * Force treating the next n memory accesses for the current context as atomic
+ * operations.
+ *
+ * @n number of following memory accesses to treat as atomic.
+ */
+void kcsan_atomic_next(int n);
+
+#else /* CONFIG_KCSAN */
+
+static inline void kcsan_init(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_disable_current(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_enable_current(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_nestable_atomic_begin(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_nestable_atomic_end(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_flat_atomic_begin(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_flat_atomic_end(void) { }
+
+static inline void kcsan_atomic_next(int n) { }
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_KCSAN */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_KCSAN_H */