bpf: add a longest prefix match trie map implementation

This trie implements a longest prefix match algorithm that can be used
to match IP addresses to a stored set of ranges.

Internally, data is stored in an unbalanced trie of nodes that has a
maximum height of n, where n is the prefixlen the trie was created
with.

Tries may be created with prefix lengths that are multiples of 8, in
the range from 8 to 2048. The key used for lookup and update operations
is a struct bpf_lpm_trie_key, and the value is a uint64_t.

The code carries more information about the internal implementation.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@zonque.org>
Reviewed-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ struct bpf_insn {
 	__s32	imm;		/* signed immediate constant */
 };
 
+/* Key of an a BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE entry */
+struct bpf_lpm_trie_key {
+	__u32	prefixlen;	/* up to 32 for AF_INET, 128 for AF_INET6 */
+	__u8	data[0];	/* Arbitrary size */
+};
+
 /* BPF syscall commands, see bpf(2) man-page for details. */
 enum bpf_cmd {
 	BPF_MAP_CREATE,
@@ -89,6 +95,7 @@ enum bpf_map_type {
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH,
 	BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH,
+	BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE,
 };
 
 enum bpf_prog_type {