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net: documentation: build a directory structure for drivers

Browse Source 
Documentation/networking/ is full of cryptically named files with
driver documentation.  This makes finding interesting information
at a glance really hard.  Move all those files into a directory
called device_drivers (since not all drivers are for device) and
fix up references.

RFC v0.1 -> RFC v1:
 - also add .txt suffix to the files which are missing it (Quentin)

Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Acked-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Henrik Austad <henrik@austad.us>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This commit is contained in:
Jakub Kicinski
2018-12-03 17:43:28 -08:00
committed by David S. Miller
parent a74f0fa082
commit b255e500c8
58 changed files with 71 additions and 66 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

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Documentation/networking/device_drivers/intel/e100.rst Normal file
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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of Adapters
==============================================================
June 1, 2018
Contents
========
- In This Release
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Building and Installation
- Driver Configuration Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues
- Support
In This Release
===============
This file describes the Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) PRO/100 Family of
Adapters. This driver includes support for Itanium(R)2-based systems.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel PRO/100 adapter.
The following features are now available in supported kernels:
- Native VLANs
- Channel Bonding (teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding documentation can be found in the Linux kernel source:
/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support
Driver Configuration Parameters
===============================
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
Rx Descriptors:
Number of receive descriptors. A receive descriptor is a data
structure that describes a receive buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to write
data from the controller to host memory. In the 3.x.x driver the valid range
for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 256. This parameter can be
changed using the command::
ethtool -G eth? rx n
Where n is the number of desired Rx descriptors.
Tx Descriptors:
Number of transmit descriptors. A transmit descriptor is a data
structure that describes a transmit buffer and its attributes to the network
controller. The data in the descriptor is used by the controller to read
data from the host memory to the controller. In the 3.x.x driver the valid
range for this parameter is 64-256. The default value is 128. This parameter
can be changed using the command::
ethtool -G eth? tx n
Where n is the number of desired Tx descriptors.
Speed/Duplex:
The driver auto-negotiates the link speed and duplex settings by
default. The ethtool utility can be used as follows to force speed/duplex.::
ethtool -s eth? autoneg off speed {10|100} duplex {full|half}
NOTE: setting the speed/duplex to incorrect values will cause the link to
fail.
Event Log Message Level:
The driver uses the message level flag to log events
to syslog. The message level can be set at driver load time. It can also be
set using the command::
ethtool -s eth? msglvl n
Additional Configurations
=========================
Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
-------------------------------------------------
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started
is distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves
adding an alias line to `/etc/modprobe.d/*.conf` as well as editing other
system startup scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux
distributions ship with tools to make these changes for you. To learn
the proper way to configure a network device for your system, refer to
your distribution documentation. If during this process you are asked
for the driver or module name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for
the Intel PRO/100 Family of Adapters is e100.
As an example, if you install the e100 driver for two PRO/100 adapters
(eth0 and eth1), add the following to a configuration file in
/etc/modprobe.d/::
alias eth0 e100
alias eth1 e100
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
In order to see link messages and other Intel driver information on your
console, you must set the dmesg level up to six. This can be done by
entering the following on the command line before loading the e100
driver::
dmesg -n 6
If you wish to see all messages issued by the driver, including debug
messages, set the dmesg level to eight.
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The ethtool
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
---------------------------
WoL is provided through the ethtool* utility. For instructions on
enabling WoL with ethtool, refer to the ethtool man page. WoL will be
enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. For this
driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e100 driver must be loaded
when shutting down or rebooting the system.
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the e100 driver.
See https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/napi for more
information on NAPI.
Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have one
system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP
filtering by
(1) entering::
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
(this only works if your kernel's version is higher than 2.4.5), or
(2) installing the interfaces in separate broadcast domains (either
in different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
http://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection
===========================================================
Intel Gigabit Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999 - 2013 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Command Line Parameters
- Speed and Duplex Configuration
- Additional Configurations
- Support
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For more information on how to identify your adapter, go to the Adapter &
Driver ID Guide at:
http://support.intel.com/support/go/network/adapter/idguide.htm
For the latest Intel network drivers for Linux, refer to the following
website. In the search field, enter your adapter name or type, or use the
networking link on the left to search for your adapter:
http://support.intel.com/support/go/network/adapter/home.htm
Command Line Parameters
=======================
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
NOTES:
For more information about the AutoNeg, Duplex, and Speed
parameters, see the "Speed and Duplex Configuration" section in
this document.
For more information about the InterruptThrottleRate,
RxIntDelay, TxIntDelay, RxAbsIntDelay, and TxAbsIntDelay
parameters, see the application note at:
http://www.intel.com/design/network/applnots/ap450.htm
AutoNeg
-------
(Supported only on adapters with copper connections)
:Valid Range: 0x01-0x0F, 0x20-0x2F
:Default Value: 0x2F
This parameter is a bit-mask that specifies the speed and duplex settings
advertised by the adapter. When this parameter is used, the Speed and
Duplex parameters must not be specified.
NOTE:
Refer to the Speed and Duplex section of this readme for more
information on the AutoNeg parameter.
Duplex
------
(Supported only on adapters with copper connections)
:Valid Range: 0-2 (0=auto-negotiate, 1=half, 2=full)
:Default Value: 0
This defines the direction in which data is allowed to flow. Can be
either one or two-directional. If both Duplex and the link partner are
set to auto-negotiate, the board auto-detects the correct duplex. If the
link partner is forced (either full or half), Duplex defaults to half-
duplex.
FlowControl
-----------
:Valid Range: 0-3 (0=none, 1=Rx only, 2=Tx only, 3=Rx&Tx)
:Default Value: Reads flow control settings from the EEPROM
This parameter controls the automatic generation(Tx) and response(Rx)
to Ethernet PAUSE frames.
InterruptThrottleRate
---------------------
(not supported on Intel(R) 82542, 82543 or 82544-based adapters)
:Valid Range:
0,1,3,4,100-100000 (0=off, 1=dynamic, 3=dynamic conservative,
4=simplified balancing)
:Default Value: 3
The driver can limit the amount of interrupts per second that the adapter
will generate for incoming packets. It does this by writing a value to the
adapter that is based on the maximum amount of interrupts that the adapter
will generate per second.
Setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value greater or equal to 100
will program the adapter to send out a maximum of that many interrupts
per second, even if more packets have come in. This reduces interrupt
load on the system and can lower CPU utilization under heavy load,
but will increase latency as packets are not processed as quickly.
The default behaviour of the driver previously assumed a static
InterruptThrottleRate value of 8000, providing a good fallback value for
all traffic types,but lacking in small packet performance and latency.
The hardware can handle many more small packets per second however, and
for this reason an adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm was implemented.
Since 7.3.x, the driver has two adaptive modes (setting 1 or 3) in which
it dynamically adjusts the InterruptThrottleRate value based on the traffic
that it receives. After determining the type of incoming traffic in the last
timeframe, it will adjust the InterruptThrottleRate to an appropriate value
for that traffic.
The algorithm classifies the incoming traffic every interval into
classes. Once the class is determined, the InterruptThrottleRate value is
adjusted to suit that traffic type the best. There are three classes defined:
"Bulk traffic", for large amounts of packets of normal size; "Low latency",
for small amounts of traffic and/or a significant percentage of small
packets; and "Lowest latency", for almost completely small packets or
minimal traffic.
In dynamic conservative mode, the InterruptThrottleRate value is set to 4000
for traffic that falls in class "Bulk traffic". If traffic falls in the "Low
latency" or "Lowest latency" class, the InterruptThrottleRate is increased
stepwise to 20000. This default mode is suitable for most applications.
For situations where low latency is vital such as cluster or
grid computing, the algorithm can reduce latency even more when
InterruptThrottleRate is set to mode 1. In this mode, which operates
the same as mode 3, the InterruptThrottleRate will be increased stepwise to
70000 for traffic in class "Lowest latency".
In simplified mode the interrupt rate is based on the ratio of TX and
RX traffic. If the bytes per second rate is approximately equal, the
interrupt rate will drop as low as 2000 interrupts per second. If the
traffic is mostly transmit or mostly receive, the interrupt rate could
be as high as 8000.
Setting InterruptThrottleRate to 0 turns off any interrupt moderation
and may improve small packet latency, but is generally not suitable
for bulk throughput traffic.
NOTE:
InterruptThrottleRate takes precedence over the TxAbsIntDelay and
RxAbsIntDelay parameters. In other words, minimizing the receive
and/or transmit absolute delays does not force the controller to
generate more interrupts than what the Interrupt Throttle Rate
allows.
CAUTION:
If you are using the Intel(R) PRO/1000 CT Network Connection
(controller 82547), setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value
greater than 75,000, may hang (stop transmitting) adapters
under certain network conditions. If this occurs a NETDEV
WATCHDOG message is logged in the system event log. In
addition, the controller is automatically reset, restoring
the network connection. To eliminate the potential for the
hang, ensure that InterruptThrottleRate is set no greater
than 75,000 and is not set to 0.
NOTE:
When e1000 is loaded with default settings and multiple adapters
are in use simultaneously, the CPU utilization may increase non-
linearly. In order to limit the CPU utilization without impacting
the overall throughput, we recommend that you load the driver as
follows::
modprobe e1000 InterruptThrottleRate=3000,3000,3000
This sets the InterruptThrottleRate to 3000 interrupts/sec for
the first, second, and third instances of the driver. The range
of 2000 to 3000 interrupts per second works on a majority of
systems and is a good starting point, but the optimal value will
be platform-specific. If CPU utilization is not a concern, use
RX_POLLING (NAPI) and default driver settings.
RxDescriptors
-------------
:Valid Range:
- 48-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
- 48-4096 for all other supported adapters
:Default Value: 256
This value specifies the number of receive buffer descriptors allocated
by the driver. Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more
incoming packets, at the expense of increased system memory utilization.
Each descriptor is 16 bytes. A receive buffer is also allocated for each
descriptor and can be either 2048, 4096, 8192, or 16384 bytes, depending
on the MTU setting. The maximum MTU size is 16110.
NOTE:
MTU designates the frame size. It only needs to be set for Jumbo
Frames. Depending on the available system resources, the request
for a higher number of receive descriptors may be denied. In this
case, use a lower number.
RxIntDelay
----------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 0
This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of 1.024
microseconds. Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing this value adds
extra latency to frame reception and can end up decreasing the throughput
of TCP traffic. If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value
may be set too high, causing the driver to run out of available receive
descriptors.
CAUTION:
When setting RxIntDelay to a value other than 0, adapters may
hang (stop transmitting) under certain network conditions. If
this occurs a NETDEV WATCHDOG message is logged in the system
event log. In addition, the controller is automatically reset,
restoring the network connection. To eliminate the potential
for the hang ensure that RxIntDelay is set to 0.
RxAbsIntDelay
-------------
(This parameter is supported only on 82540, 82545 and later adapters.)
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 128
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
receive interrupt is generated. Useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero,
this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
packet is received within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
along with RxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific network
conditions.
Speed
-----
(This parameter is supported only on adapters with copper connections.)
:Valid Settings: 0, 10, 100, 1000
:Default Value: 0 (auto-negotiate at all supported speeds)
Speed forces the line speed to the specified value in megabits per second
(Mbps). If this parameter is not specified or is set to 0 and the link
partner is set to auto-negotiate, the board will auto-detect the correct
speed. Duplex should also be set when Speed is set to either 10 or 100.
TxDescriptors
-------------
:Valid Range:
- 48-256 for 82542 and 82543-based adapters
- 48-4096 for all other supported adapters
:Default Value: 256
This value is the number of transmit descriptors allocated by the driver.
Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits. Each
descriptor is 16 bytes.
NOTE:
Depending on the available system resources, the request for a
higher number of transmit descriptors may be denied. In this case,
use a lower number.
TxIntDelay
----------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 8
This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of
1.024 microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. If the
system is reporting dropped transmits, this value may be set too high
causing the driver to run out of available transmit descriptors.
TxAbsIntDelay
-------------
(This parameter is supported only on 82540, 82545 and later adapters.)
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 32
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
transmit interrupt is generated. Useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero,
this value ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial
packet is sent on the wire within the set amount of time. Proper tuning,
along with TxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific
network conditions.
XsumRX
------
(This parameter is NOT supported on the 82542-based adapter.)
:Valid Range: 0-1
:Default Value: 1
A value of '1' indicates that the driver should enable IP checksum
offload for received packets (both UDP and TCP) to the adapter hardware.
Copybreak
---------
:Valid Range: 0-xxxxxxx (0=off)
:Default Value: 256
:Usage: modprobe e1000.ko copybreak=128
Driver copies all packets below or equaling this size to a fresh RX
buffer before handing it up the stack.
This parameter is different than other parameters, in that it is a
single (not 1,1,1 etc.) parameter applied to all driver instances and
it is also available during runtime at
/sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
SmartPowerDownEnable
--------------------
:Valid Range: 0-1
:Default Value: 0 (disabled)
Allows PHY to turn off in lower power states. The user can turn off
this parameter in supported chipsets.
Speed and Duplex Configuration
==============================
Three keywords are used to control the speed and duplex configuration.
These keywords are Speed, Duplex, and AutoNeg.
If the board uses a fiber interface, these keywords are ignored, and the
fiber interface board only links at 1000 Mbps full-duplex.
For copper-based boards, the keywords interact as follows:
- The default operation is auto-negotiate. The board advertises all
supported speed and duplex combinations, and it links at the highest
common speed and duplex mode IF the link partner is set to auto-negotiate.
- If Speed = 1000, limited auto-negotiation is enabled and only 1000 Mbps
is advertised (The 1000BaseT spec requires auto-negotiation.)
- If Speed = 10 or 100, then both Speed and Duplex should be set. Auto-
negotiation is disabled, and the AutoNeg parameter is ignored. Partner
SHOULD also be forced.
The AutoNeg parameter is used when more control is required over the
auto-negotiation process. It should be used when you wish to control which
speed and duplex combinations are advertised during the auto-negotiation
process.
The parameter may be specified as either a decimal or hexadecimal value as
determined by the bitmap below.
============== ====== ====== ======= ======= ====== ====== ======= ======
Bit position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Decimal Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Hex value 80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1
Speed (Mbps) N/A N/A 1000 N/A 100 100 10 10
Duplex Full Full Half Full Half
============== ====== ====== ======= ======= ====== ====== ======= ======
Some examples of using AutoNeg::
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x01 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=1 (Same as above)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x02 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Full)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x03 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half or 10 Full)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x04 (Restricts autonegotiation to 100 Half)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x05 (Restricts autonegotiation to 10 Half or 100
Half)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=0x020 (Restricts autonegotiation to 1000 Full)
modprobe e1000 AutoNeg=32 (Same as above)
Note that when this parameter is used, Speed and Duplex must not be specified.
If the link partner is forced to a specific speed and duplex, then this
parameter should not be used. Instead, use the Speed and Duplex parameters
previously mentioned to force the adapter to the same speed and duplex.
Additional Configurations
=========================
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the MTU to a value larger than
the default of 1500. Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size.
For example::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
This setting is not saved across reboots. It can be made permanent if
you add::
MTU=9000
to the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x>. This example
applies to the Red Hat distributions; other distributions may store this
setting in a different location.
Notes:
Degradation in throughput performance may be observed in some Jumbo frames
environments. If this is observed, increasing the application's socket buffer
size and/or increasing the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_*mem entry values may help.
See the specific application manual and /usr/src/linux*/Documentation/
networking/ip-sysctl.txt for more details.
- The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16110. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16128.
- Using Jumbo frames at 10 or 100 Mbps is not supported and may result in
poor performance or loss of link.
- Adapters based on the Intel(R) 82542 and 82573V/E controller do not
support Jumbo Frames. These correspond to the following product names::
Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter
Intel(R) PRO/1000 PM Network Connection
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The ethtool
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
---------------------------
WoL is configured through the ethtool* utility.
WoL will be enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot.
For this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e1000 driver must be
loaded when shutting down or rebooting the system.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
http://support.intel.com
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported
kernel with a supported adapter, email the specific information related
to the issue to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection
======================================================
Intel Gigabit Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 2008-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Command Line Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Support
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
Command Line Parameters
=======================
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are used
by entering them on the command line with the modprobe command using this
syntax::
modprobe e1000e [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]
There needs to be a <VAL#> for each network port in the system supported by
this driver. The values will be applied to each instance, in function order.
For example::
modprobe e1000e InterruptThrottleRate=16000,16000
In this case, there are two network ports supported by e1000e in the system.
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
NOTE: A descriptor describes a data buffer and attributes related to the data
buffer. This information is accessed by the hardware.
InterruptThrottleRate
---------------------
:Valid Range: 0,1,3,4,100-100000
:Default Value: 3
Interrupt Throttle Rate controls the number of interrupts each interrupt
vector can generate per second. Increasing ITR lowers latency at the cost of
increased CPU utilization, though it may help throughput in some circumstances.
Setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value greater or equal to 100
will program the adapter to send out a maximum of that many interrupts
per second, even if more packets have come in. This reduces interrupt
load on the system and can lower CPU utilization under heavy load,
but will increase latency as packets are not processed as quickly.
The default behaviour of the driver previously assumed a static
InterruptThrottleRate value of 8000, providing a good fallback value for
all traffic types, but lacking in small packet performance and latency.
The hardware can handle many more small packets per second however, and
for this reason an adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm was implemented.
The driver has two adaptive modes (setting 1 or 3) in which
it dynamically adjusts the InterruptThrottleRate value based on the traffic
that it receives. After determining the type of incoming traffic in the last
timeframe, it will adjust the InterruptThrottleRate to an appropriate value
for that traffic.
The algorithm classifies the incoming traffic every interval into
classes. Once the class is determined, the InterruptThrottleRate value is
adjusted to suit that traffic type the best. There are three classes defined:
"Bulk traffic", for large amounts of packets of normal size; "Low latency",
for small amounts of traffic and/or a significant percentage of small
packets; and "Lowest latency", for almost completely small packets or
minimal traffic.
- 0: Off
Turns off any interrupt moderation and may improve small packet latency.
However, this is generally not suitable for bulk throughput traffic due
to the increased CPU utilization of the higher interrupt rate.
- 1: Dynamic mode
This mode attempts to moderate interrupts per vector while maintaining
very low latency. This can sometimes cause extra CPU utilization. If
planning on deploying e1000e in a latency sensitive environment, this
parameter should be considered.
- 3: Dynamic Conservative mode (default)
In dynamic conservative mode, the InterruptThrottleRate value is set to
4000 for traffic that falls in class "Bulk traffic". If traffic falls in
the "Low latency" or "Lowest latency" class, the InterruptThrottleRate is
increased stepwise to 20000. This default mode is suitable for most
applications.
- 4: Simplified Balancing mode
In simplified mode the interrupt rate is based on the ratio of TX and
RX traffic. If the bytes per second rate is approximately equal, the
interrupt rate will drop as low as 2000 interrupts per second. If the
traffic is mostly transmit or mostly receive, the interrupt rate could
be as high as 8000.
- 100-100000:
Setting InterruptThrottleRate to a value greater or equal to 100
will program the adapter to send at most that many interrupts per second,
even if more packets have come in. This reduces interrupt load on the
system and can lower CPU utilization under heavy load, but will increase
latency as packets are not processed as quickly.
NOTE: InterruptThrottleRate takes precedence over the TxAbsIntDelay and
RxAbsIntDelay parameters. In other words, minimizing the receive and/or
transmit absolute delays does not force the controller to generate more
interrupts than what the Interrupt Throttle Rate allows.
RxIntDelay
----------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 0
This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of 1.024
microseconds. Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing this value adds extra
latency to frame reception and can end up decreasing the throughput of TCP
traffic. If the system is reporting dropped receives, this value may be set
too high, causing the driver to run out of available receive descriptors.
CAUTION: When setting RxIntDelay to a value other than 0, adapters may hang
(stop transmitting) under certain network conditions. If this occurs a NETDEV
WATCHDOG message is logged in the system event log. In addition, the
controller is automatically reset, restoring the network connection. To
eliminate the potential for the hang ensure that RxIntDelay is set to 0.
RxAbsIntDelay
-------------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 8
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
receive interrupt is generated. This value ensures that an interrupt is
generated after the initial packet is received within the set amount of time,
which is useful only if RxIntDelay is non-zero. Proper tuning, along with
RxIntDelay, may improve traffic throughput in specific network conditions.
TxIntDelay
----------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 8
This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of 1.024
microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU efficiency if
properly tuned for specific network traffic. If the system is reporting
dropped transmits, this value may be set too high causing the driver to run
out of available transmit descriptors.
TxAbsIntDelay
-------------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 32
This value, in units of 1.024 microseconds, limits the delay in which a
transmit interrupt is generated. It is useful only if TxIntDelay is non-zero.
It ensures that an interrupt is generated after the initial Packet is sent on
the wire within the set amount of time. Proper tuning, along with TxIntDelay,
may improve traffic throughput in specific network conditions.
copybreak
---------
:Valid Range: 0-xxxxxxx (0=off)
:Default Value: 256
The driver copies all packets below or equaling this size to a fresh receive
buffer before handing it up the stack.
This parameter differs from other parameters because it is a single (not 1,1,1
etc.) parameter applied to all driver instances and it is also available
during runtime at /sys/module/e1000e/parameters/copybreak.
To use copybreak, type::
modprobe e1000e.ko copybreak=128
SmartPowerDownEnable
--------------------
:Valid Range: 0,1
:Default Value: 0 (disabled)
Allows the PHY to turn off in lower power states. The user can turn off this
parameter in supported chipsets.
KumeranLockLoss
---------------
:Valid Range: 0,1
:Default Value: 1 (enabled)
This workaround skips resetting the PHY at shutdown for the initial silicon
releases of ICH8 systems.
IntMode
-------
:Valid Range: 0-2
:Default Value: 0
+-------+----------------+
| Value | Interrupt Mode |
+=======+================+
| 0 | Legacy |
+-------+----------------+
| 1 | MSI |
+-------+----------------+
| 2 | MSI-X |
+-------+----------------+
IntMode allows load time control over the type of interrupt registered for by
the driver. MSI-X is required for multiple queue support, and some kernels and
combinations of kernel .config options will force a lower level of interrupt
support.
This command will show different values for each type of interrupt::
cat /proc/interrupts
CrcStripping
------------
:Valid Range: 0,1
:Default Value: 1 (enabled)
Strip the CRC from received packets before sending up the network stack. If
you have a machine with a BMC enabled but cannot receive IPMI traffic after
loading or enabling the driver, try disabling this feature.
WriteProtectNVM
---------------
:Valid Range: 0,1
:Default Value: 1 (enabled)
If set to 1, configure the hardware to ignore all write/erase cycles to the
GbE region in the ICHx NVM (in order to prevent accidental corruption of the
NVM). This feature can be disabled by setting the parameter to 0 during initial
driver load.
NOTE: The machine must be power cycled (full off/on) when enabling NVM writes
via setting the parameter to zero. Once the NVM has been locked (via the
parameter at 1 when the driver loads) it cannot be unlocked except via power
cycle.
Debug
-----
:Valid Range: 0-16 (0=none,...,16=all)
:Default Value: 0
This parameter adjusts the level of debug messages displayed in the system logs.
Additional Features and Configurations
======================================
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows::
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file:
- For RHEL: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x>
- For SLES: /etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file>
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 8996. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9018 bytes.
NOTE: Using Jumbo frames at 10 or 100 Mbps is not supported and may result in
poor performance or loss of link.
NOTE: The following adapters limit Jumbo Frames sized packets to a maximum of
4088 bytes:
- Intel(R) 82578DM Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection
The following adapters do not support Jumbo Frames:
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 PM Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82562G 10/100 Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82562G-2 10/100 Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82562GT 10/100 Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82562GT-2 10/100 Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82562V 10/100 Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82562V-2 10/100 Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82566DC Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82566DC-2 Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82566DM Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82566MC Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82566MM Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82567V-3 Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82577LC Gigabit Network Connection
- Intel(R) 82578DC Gigabit Network Connection
NOTE: Jumbo Frames cannot be configured on an 82579-based Network device if
MACSec is enabled on the system.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
NOTE: When validating enable/disable tests on some parts (for example, 82578),
it is necessary to add a few seconds between tests when working with ethtool.
Speed and Duplex Configuration
------------------------------
In addressing speed and duplex configuration issues, you need to distinguish
between copper-based adapters and fiber-based adapters.
In the default mode, an Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using copper
connections will attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner to determine
the best setting. If the adapter cannot establish link with the link partner
using auto-negotiation, you may need to manually configure the adapter and link
partner to identical settings to establish link and pass packets. This should
only be needed when attempting to link with an older switch that does not
support auto-negotiation or one that has been forced to a specific speed or
duplex mode. Your link partner must match the setting you choose. 1 Gbps speeds
and higher cannot be forced. Use the autonegotiation advertising setting to
manually set devices for 1 Gbps and higher.
Speed, duplex, and autonegotiation advertising are configured through the
ethtool* utility.
Caution: Only experienced network administrators should force speed and duplex
or change autonegotiation advertising manually. The settings at the switch must
always match the adapter settings. Adapter performance may suffer or your
adapter may not operate if you configure the adapter differently from your
switch.
An Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using fiber-based connections, however,
will not attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner since those adapters
operate only in full duplex and only at their native speed.
Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
---------------------------
WoL is configured through the ethtool* utility.
WoL will be enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. For
this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the e1000e driver must be loaded
prior to shutting down or suspending the system.
NOTE: Wake on LAN is only supported on port A for the following devices:
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Network Connection
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Connection
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Dual Port Server Adapter
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 PF Dual Port Server Adapter
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 PT Quad Port Server Adapter
- Intel(R) Gigabit PT Quad Port Server ExpressModule
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet Multi-host Controller
==============================================================
August 20, 2018
Copyright(c) 2015-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Additional Configurations
- Performance Tuning
- Known Issues
- Support
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The driver in this release is compatible with devices based on the Intel(R)
Ethernet Multi-host Controller.
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support
Flow Control
------------
The Intel(R) Ethernet Switch Host Interface Driver does not support Flow
Control. It will not send pause frames. This may result in dropped frames.
Virtual Functions (VFs)
-----------------------
Use sysfs to enable VFs.
Valid Range: 0-64
For example::
echo $num_vf_enabled > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs //enable VFs
echo 0 > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs //disable VFs
NOTE: Neither the device nor the driver control how VFs are mapped into config
space. Bus layout will vary by operating system. On operating systems that
support it, you can check sysfs to find the mapping.
NOTE: When SR-IOV mode is enabled, hardware VLAN filtering and VLAN tag
stripping/insertion will remain enabled. Please remove the old VLAN filter
before the new VLAN filter is added. For example::
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 100 // set vlan 100 for VF 0
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 0 // Delete vlan 100
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 200 // set a new vlan 200 for VF 0
Additional Features and Configurations
======================================
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows::
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file:
- For RHEL: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x>
- For SLES: /etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file>
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 15342. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 15364 bytes.
NOTE: This driver will attempt to use multiple page sized buffers to receive
each jumbo packet. This should help to avoid buffer starvation issues when
allocating receive packets.
Generic Receive Offload, aka GRO
--------------------------------
The driver supports the in-kernel software implementation of GRO. GRO has
shown that by coalescing Rx traffic into larger chunks of data, CPU
utilization can be significantly reduced when under large Rx load. GRO is an
evolution of the previously-used LRO interface. GRO is able to coalesce
other protocols besides TCP. It's also safe to use with configurations that
are problematic for LRO, namely bridging and iSCSI.
Supported ethtool Commands and Options for Filtering
----------------------------------------------------
-n --show-nfc
Retrieves the receive network flow classification configurations.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6
Retrieves the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
-N --config-nfc
Configures the receive network flow classification.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6 m|v|t|s|d|f|n|r
Configures the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
- udp4: UDP over IPv4
- udp6: UDP over IPv6
- f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the rx packet.
- n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the rx packet.
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
Enabling SR-IOV in a 64-bit Microsoft* Windows Server* 2012/R2 guest OS under Linux KVM
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KVM Hypervisor/VMM supports direct assignment of a PCIe device to a VM. This
includes traditional PCIe devices, as well as SR-IOV-capable devices based on
the Intel Ethernet Controller XL710.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series
==================================================================
Intel 40 Gigabit Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Overview
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues
- Support
Driver information can be obtained using ethtool, lspci, and ifconfig.
Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section Additional
Configurations later in this document.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel adapter. All hardware requirements listed apply to use
with Linux.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The driver is compatible with devices based on the following:
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X710
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710
* Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection X722
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XXV710
For the best performance, make sure the latest NVM/FW is installed on your
device.
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest NVM/FW
images and Intel network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
SFP+ and QSFP+ Devices
----------------------
For information about supported media, refer to this document:
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/release-notes/xl710-ethernet-controller-feature-matrix.pdf
NOTE: Some adapters based on the Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series only
support Intel Ethernet Optics modules. On these adapters, other modules are not
supported and will not function. In all cases Intel recommends using Intel
Ethernet Optics; other modules may function but are not validated by Intel.
Contact Intel for supported media types.
NOTE: For connections based on Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 700 Series, support
is dependent on your system board. Please see your vendor for details.
NOTE: In systems that do not have adequate airflow to cool the adapter and
optical modules, you must use high temperature optical modules.
Virtual Functions (VFs)
-----------------------
Use sysfs to enable VFs. For example::
#echo $num_vf_enabled > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs #enable VFs
#echo 0 > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs #disable VFs
For example, the following instructions will configure PF eth0 and the first VF
on VLAN 10::
$ ip link set dev eth0 vf 0 vlan 10
VLAN Tag Packet Steering
------------------------
Allows you to send all packets with a specific VLAN tag to a particular SR-IOV
virtual function (VF). Further, this feature allows you to designate a
particular VF as trusted, and allows that trusted VF to request selective
promiscuous mode on the Physical Function (PF).
To set a VF as trusted or untrusted, enter the following command in the
Hypervisor::
# ip link set dev eth0 vf 1 trust [on|off]
Once the VF is designated as trusted, use the following commands in the VM to
set the VF to promiscuous mode.
::
For promiscuous all:
#ip link set eth2 promisc on
Where eth2 is a VF interface in the VM
For promiscuous Multicast:
#ip link set eth2 allmulticast on
Where eth2 is a VF interface in the VM
NOTE: By default, the ethtool priv-flag vf-true-promisc-support is set to
"off",meaning that promiscuous mode for the VF will be limited. To set the
promiscuous mode for the VF to true promiscuous and allow the VF to see all
ingress traffic, use the following command::
#ethtool -set-priv-flags p261p1 vf-true-promisc-support on
The vf-true-promisc-support priv-flag does not enable promiscuous mode; rather,
it designates which type of promiscuous mode (limited or true) you will get
when you enable promiscuous mode using the ip link commands above. Note that
this is a global setting that affects the entire device. However,the
vf-true-promisc-support priv-flag is only exposed to the first PF of the
device. The PF remains in limited promiscuous mode (unless it is in MFP mode)
regardless of the vf-true-promisc-support setting.
Now add a VLAN interface on the VF interface::
#ip link add link eth2 name eth2.100 type vlan id 100
Note that the order in which you set the VF to promiscuous mode and add the
VLAN interface does not matter (you can do either first). The end result in
this example is that the VF will get all traffic that is tagged with VLAN 100.
Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
-------------------------------
The Intel Ethernet Flow Director performs the following tasks:
- Directs receive packets according to their flows to different queues.
- Enables tight control on routing a flow in the platform.
- Matches flows and CPU cores for flow affinity.
- Supports multiple parameters for flexible flow classification and load
balancing (in SFP mode only).
NOTE: The Linux i40e driver supports the following flow types: IPv4, TCPv4, and
UDPv4. For a given flow type, it supports valid combinations of IP addresses
(source or destination) and UDP/TCP ports (source and destination). For
example, you can supply only a source IP address, a source IP address and a
destination port, or any combination of one or more of these four parameters.
NOTE: The Linux i40e driver allows you to filter traffic based on a
user-defined flexible two-byte pattern and offset by using the ethtool user-def
and mask fields. Only L3 and L4 flow types are supported for user-defined
flexible filters. For a given flow type, you must clear all Intel Ethernet Flow
Director filters before changing the input set (for that flow type).
To enable or disable the Intel Ethernet Flow Director::
# ethtool -K ethX ntuple <on|off>
When disabling ntuple filters, all the user programmed filters are flushed from
the driver cache and hardware. All needed filters must be re-added when ntuple
is re-enabled.
To add a filter that directs packet to queue 2, use -U or -N switch::
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 src-port 2000 dst-port 2001 action 2 [loc 1]
To set a filter using only the source and destination IP address::
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 action 2 [loc 1]
To see the list of filters currently present::
# ethtool <-u|-n> ethX
Application Targeted Routing (ATR) Perfect Filters
--------------------------------------------------
ATR is enabled by default when the kernel is in multiple transmit queue mode.
An ATR Intel Ethernet Flow Director filter rule is added when a TCP-IP flow
starts and is deleted when the flow ends. When a TCP-IP Intel Ethernet Flow
Director rule is added from ethtool (Sideband filter), ATR is turned off by the
driver. To re-enable ATR, the sideband can be disabled with the ethtool -K
option. For example::
ethtool –K [adapter] ntuple [off|on]
If sideband is re-enabled after ATR is re-enabled, ATR remains enabled until a
TCP-IP flow is added. When all TCP-IP sideband rules are deleted, ATR is
automatically re-enabled.
Packets that match the ATR rules are counted in fdir_atr_match stats in
ethtool, which also can be used to verify whether ATR rules still exist.
Sideband Perfect Filters
------------------------
Sideband Perfect Filters are used to direct traffic that matches specified
characteristics. They are enabled through ethtool's ntuple interface. To add a
new filter use the following command::
ethtool -U <device> flow-type <type> src-ip <ip> dst-ip <ip> src-port <port> \
dst-port <port> action <queue>
Where:
<device> - the ethernet device to program
<type> - can be ip4, tcp4, udp4, or sctp4
<ip> - the ip address to match on
<port> - the port number to match on
<queue> - the queue to direct traffic towards (-1 discards matching traffic)
Use the following command to display all of the active filters::
ethtool -u <device>
Use the following command to delete a filter::
ethtool -U <device> delete <N>
Where <N> is the filter id displayed when printing all the active filters, and
may also have been specified using "loc <N>" when adding the filter.
The following example matches TCP traffic sent from 192.168.0.1, port 5300,
directed to 192.168.0.5, port 80, and sends it to queue 7::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 \
src-port 5300 dst-port 80 action 7
For each flow-type, the programmed filters must all have the same matching
input set. For example, issuing the following two commands is acceptable::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
Issuing the next two commands, however, is not acceptable, since the first
specifies src-ip and the second specifies dst-ip::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
The second command will fail with an error. You may program multiple filters
with the same fields, using different values, but, on one device, you may not
program two tcp4 filters with different matching fields.
Matching on a sub-portion of a field is not supported by the i40e driver, thus
partial mask fields are not supported.
The driver also supports matching user-defined data within the packet payload.
This flexible data is specified using the "user-def" field of the ethtool
command in the following way:
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| 31 28 24 20 16 | 15 12 8 4 0 |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
| offset into packet payload | 2 bytes of flexible data |
+----------------------------+--------------------------+
For example,
::
... user-def 0x4FFFF ...
tells the filter to look 4 bytes into the payload and match that value against
0xFFFF. The offset is based on the beginning of the payload, and not the
beginning of the packet. Thus
::
flow-type tcp4 ... user-def 0x8BEAF ...
would match TCP/IPv4 packets which have the value 0xBEAF 8 bytes into the
TCP/IPv4 payload.
Note that ICMP headers are parsed as 4 bytes of header and 4 bytes of payload.
Thus to match the first byte of the payload, you must actually add 4 bytes to
the offset. Also note that ip4 filters match both ICMP frames as well as raw
(unknown) ip4 frames, where the payload will be the L3 payload of the IP4 frame.
The maximum offset is 64. The hardware will only read up to 64 bytes of data
from the payload. The offset must be even because the flexible data is 2 bytes
long and must be aligned to byte 0 of the packet payload.
The user-defined flexible offset is also considered part of the input set and
cannot be programmed separately for multiple filters of the same type. However,
the flexible data is not part of the input set and multiple filters may use the
same offset but match against different data.
To create filters that direct traffic to a specific Virtual Function, use the
"action" parameter. Specify the action as a 64 bit value, where the lower 32
bits represents the queue number, while the next 8 bits represent which VF.
Note that 0 is the PF, so the VF identifier is offset by 1. For example::
... action 0x800000002 ...
specifies to direct traffic to Virtual Function 7 (8 minus 1) into queue 2 of
that VF.
Note that these filters will not break internal routing rules, and will not
route traffic that otherwise would not have been sent to the specified Virtual
Function.
Setting the link-down-on-close Private Flag
-------------------------------------------
When the link-down-on-close private flag is set to "on", the port's link will
go down when the interface is brought down using the ifconfig ethX down command.
Use ethtool to view and set link-down-on-close, as follows::
ethtool --show-priv-flags ethX
ethtool --set-priv-flags ethX link-down-on-close [on|off]
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages on
your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following::
dmesg -n 8
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows::
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file::
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x> // for RHEL
/etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file> // for SLES
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 9702. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9728 bytes.
NOTE: This driver will attempt to use multiple page sized buffers to receive
each jumbo packet. This should help to avoid buffer starvation issues when
allocating receive packets.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Supported ethtool Commands and Options for Filtering
----------------------------------------------------
-n --show-nfc
Retrieves the receive network flow classification configurations.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6
Retrieves the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
-N --config-nfc
Configures the receive network flow classification.
rx-flow-hash tcp4|udp4|ah4|esp4|sctp4|tcp6|udp6|ah6|esp6|sctp6 m|v|t|s|d|f|n|r...
Configures the hash options for the specified network traffic type.
udp4 UDP over IPv4
udp6 UDP over IPv6
f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
Speed and Duplex Configuration
------------------------------
In addressing speed and duplex configuration issues, you need to distinguish
between copper-based adapters and fiber-based adapters.
In the default mode, an Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using copper
connections will attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner to determine
the best setting. If the adapter cannot establish link with the link partner
using auto-negotiation, you may need to manually configure the adapter and link
partner to identical settings to establish link and pass packets. This should
only be needed when attempting to link with an older switch that does not
support auto-negotiation or one that has been forced to a specific speed or
duplex mode. Your link partner must match the setting you choose. 1 Gbps speeds
and higher cannot be forced. Use the autonegotiation advertising setting to
manually set devices for 1 Gbps and higher.
NOTE: You cannot set the speed for devices based on the Intel(R) Ethernet
Network Adapter XXV710 based devices.
Speed, duplex, and autonegotiation advertising are configured through the
ethtool* utility.
Caution: Only experienced network administrators should force speed and duplex
or change autonegotiation advertising manually. The settings at the switch must
always match the adapter settings. Adapter performance may suffer or your
adapter may not operate if you configure the adapter differently from your
switch.
An Intel(R) Ethernet Network Adapter using fiber-based connections, however,
will not attempt to auto-negotiate with its link partner since those adapters
operate only in full duplex and only at their native speed.
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the i40e driver.
For more information on NAPI, see
https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/napi
Flow Control
------------
Ethernet Flow Control (IEEE 802.3x) can be configured with ethtool to enable
receiving and transmitting pause frames for i40e. When transmit is enabled,
pause frames are generated when the receive packet buffer crosses a predefined
threshold. When receive is enabled, the transmit unit will halt for the time
delay specified when a pause frame is received.
NOTE: You must have a flow control capable link partner.
Flow Control is on by default.
Use ethtool to change the flow control settings.
To enable or disable Rx or Tx Flow Control::
ethtool -A eth? rx <on|off> tx <on|off>
Note: This command only enables or disables Flow Control if auto-negotiation is
disabled. If auto-negotiation is enabled, this command changes the parameters
used for auto-negotiation with the link partner.
To enable or disable auto-negotiation::
ethtool -s eth? autoneg <on|off>
Note: Flow Control auto-negotiation is part of link auto-negotiation. Depending
on your device, you may not be able to change the auto-negotiation setting.
RSS Hash Flow
-------------
Allows you to set the hash bytes per flow type and any combination of one or
more options for Receive Side Scaling (RSS) hash byte configuration.
::
# ethtool -N <dev> rx-flow-hash <type> <option>
Where <type> is:
tcp4 signifying TCP over IPv4
udp4 signifying UDP over IPv4
tcp6 signifying TCP over IPv6
udp6 signifying UDP over IPv6
And <option> is one or more of:
s Hash on the IP source address of the Rx packet.
d Hash on the IP destination address of the Rx packet.
f Hash on bytes 0 and 1 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
n Hash on bytes 2 and 3 of the Layer 4 header of the Rx packet.
MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature
----------------------------------
When a malicious driver attempts to send a spoofed packet, it is dropped by the
hardware and not transmitted.
NOTE: This feature can be disabled for a specific Virtual Function (VF)::
ip link set <pf dev> vf <vf id> spoofchk {off|on}
IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) Hardware Clock (PHC)
------------------------------------------------------------
Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is used to synchronize clocks in a computer
network. PTP support varies among Intel devices that support this driver. Use
"ethtool -T <netdev name>" to get a definitive list of PTP capabilities
supported by the device.
IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ) Support
---------------------------
The IEEE 802.1ad standard, informally known as QinQ, allows for multiple VLAN
IDs within a single Ethernet frame. VLAN IDs are sometimes referred to as
"tags," and multiple VLAN IDs are thus referred to as a "tag stack." Tag stacks
allow L2 tunneling and the ability to segregate traffic within a particular
VLAN ID, among other uses.
The following are examples of how to configure 802.1ad (QinQ)::
ip link add link eth0 eth0.24 type vlan proto 802.1ad id 24
ip link add link eth0.24 eth0.24.371 type vlan proto 802.1Q id 371
Where "24" and "371" are example VLAN IDs.
NOTES:
Receive checksum offloads, cloud filters, and VLAN acceleration are not
supported for 802.1ad (QinQ) packets.
VXLAN and GENEVE Overlay HW Offloading
--------------------------------------
Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) allows you to extend an L2 network over an L3
network, which may be useful in a virtualized or cloud environment. Some
Intel(R) Ethernet Network devices perform VXLAN processing, offloading it from
the operating system. This reduces CPU utilization.
VXLAN offloading is controlled by the Tx and Rx checksum offload options
provided by ethtool. That is, if Tx checksum offload is enabled, and the
adapter has the capability, VXLAN offloading is also enabled.
Support for VXLAN and GENEVE HW offloading is dependent on kernel support of
the HW offloading features.
Multiple Functions per Port
---------------------------
Some adapters based on the Intel Ethernet Controller X710/XL710 support
multiple functions on a single physical port. Configure these functions through
the System Setup/BIOS.
Minimum TX Bandwidth is the guaranteed minimum data transmission bandwidth, as
a percentage of the full physical port link speed, that the partition will
receive. The bandwidth the partition is awarded will never fall below the level
you specify.
The range for the minimum bandwidth values is:
1 to ((100 minus # of partitions on the physical port) plus 1)
For example, if a physical port has 4 partitions, the range would be:
1 to ((100 - 4) + 1 = 97)
The Maximum Bandwidth percentage represents the maximum transmit bandwidth
allocated to the partition as a percentage of the full physical port link
speed. The accepted range of values is 1-100. The value is used as a limiter,
should you chose that any one particular function not be able to consume 100%
of a port's bandwidth (should it be available). The sum of all the values for
Maximum Bandwidth is not restricted, because no more than 100% of a port's
bandwidth can ever be used.
NOTE: X710/XXV710 devices fail to enable Max VFs (64) when Multiple Functions
per Port (MFP) and SR-IOV are enabled. An error from i40e is logged that says
"add vsi failed for VF N, aq_err 16". To workaround the issue, enable less than
64 virtual functions (VFs).
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
--------------------------
DCB is a configuration Quality of Service implementation in hardware. It uses
the VLAN priority tag (802.1p) to filter traffic. That means that there are 8
different priorities that traffic can be filtered into. It also enables
priority flow control (802.1Qbb) which can limit or eliminate the number of
dropped packets during network stress. Bandwidth can be allocated to each of
these priorities, which is enforced at the hardware level (802.1Qaz).
Adapter firmware implements LLDP and DCBX protocol agents as per 802.1AB and
802.1Qaz respectively. The firmware based DCBX agent runs in willing mode only
and can accept settings from a DCBX capable peer. Software configuration of
DCBX parameters via dcbtool/lldptool are not supported.
NOTE: Firmware LLDP can be disabled by setting the private flag disable-fw-lldp.
The i40e driver implements the DCB netlink interface layer to allow user-space
to communicate with the driver and query DCB configuration for the port.
NOTE:
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
Interrupt Rate Limiting
-----------------------
:Valid Range: 0-235 (0=no limit)
The Intel(R) Ethernet Controller XL710 family supports an interrupt rate
limiting mechanism. The user can control, via ethtool, the number of
microseconds between interrupts.
Syntax::
# ethtool -C ethX rx-usecs-high N
The range of 0-235 microseconds provides an effective range of 4,310 to 250,000
interrupts per second. The value of rx-usecs-high can be set independently of
rx-usecs and tx-usecs in the same ethtool command, and is also independent of
the adaptive interrupt moderation algorithm. The underlying hardware supports
granularity in 4-microsecond intervals, so adjacent values may result in the
same interrupt rate.
One possible use case is the following::
# ethtool -C ethX adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs-high 20 rx-usecs \
5 tx-usecs 5
The above command would disable adaptive interrupt moderation, and allow a
maximum of 5 microseconds before indicating a receive or transmit was complete.
However, instead of resulting in as many as 200,000 interrupts per second, it
limits total interrupts per second to 50,000 via the rx-usecs-high parameter.
Performance Optimization
========================
Driver defaults are meant to fit a wide variety of workloads, but if further
optimization is required we recommend experimenting with the following settings.
NOTE: For better performance when processing small (64B) frame sizes, try
enabling Hyper threading in the BIOS in order to increase the number of logical
cores in the system and subsequently increase the number of queues available to
the adapter.
Virtualized Environments
------------------------
1. Disable XPS on both ends by using the included virt_perf_default script
or by running the following command as root::
for file in `ls /sys/class/net/<ethX>/queues/tx-*/xps_cpus`;
do echo 0 > $file; done
2. Using the appropriate mechanism (vcpupin) in the vm, pin the cpu's to
individual lcpu's, making sure to use a set of cpu's included in the
device's local_cpulist: /sys/class/net/<ethX>/device/local_cpulist.
3. Configure as many Rx/Tx queues in the VM as available. Do not rely on
the default setting of 1.
Non-virtualized Environments
----------------------------
Pin the adapter's IRQs to specific cores by disabling the irqbalance service
and using the included set_irq_affinity script. Please see the script's help
text for further options.
- The following settings will distribute the IRQs across all the cores evenly::
# scripts/set_irq_affinity -x all <interface1> , [ <interface2>, ... ]
- The following settings will distribute the IRQs across all the cores that are
local to the adapter (same NUMA node)::
# scripts/set_irq_affinity -x local <interface1> ,[ <interface2>, ... ]
For very CPU intensive workloads, we recommend pinning the IRQs to all cores.
For IP Forwarding: Disable Adaptive ITR and lower Rx and Tx interrupts per
queue using ethtool.
- Setting rx-usecs and tx-usecs to 125 will limit interrupts to about 8000
interrupts per second per queue.
::
# ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs 125 \
tx-usecs 125
For lower CPU utilization: Disable Adaptive ITR and lower Rx and Tx interrupts
per queue using ethtool.
- Setting rx-usecs and tx-usecs to 250 will limit interrupts to about 4000
interrupts per second per queue.
::
# ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs 250 \
tx-usecs 250
For lower latency: Disable Adaptive ITR and ITR by setting Rx and Tx to 0 using
ethtool.
::
# ethtool -C <interface> adaptive-rx off adaptive-tx off rx-usecs 0 \
tx-usecs 0
Application Device Queues (ADq)
-------------------------------
Application Device Queues (ADq) allows you to dedicate one or more queues to a
specific application. This can reduce latency for the specified application,
and allow Tx traffic to be rate limited per application. Follow the steps below
to set ADq.
1. Create traffic classes (TCs). Maximum of 8 TCs can be created per interface.
The shaper bw_rlimit parameter is optional.
Example: Sets up two tcs, tc0 and tc1, with 16 queues each and max tx rate set
to 1Gbit for tc0 and 3Gbit for tc1.
::
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> root mqprio num_tc 2 map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
queues 16@0 16@16 hw 1 mode channel shaper bw_rlimit min_rate 1Gbit 2Gbit
max_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit
map: priority mapping for up to 16 priorities to tcs (e.g. map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
sets priorities 0-3 to use tc0 and 4-7 to use tc1)
queues: for each tc, <num queues>@<offset> (e.g. queues 16@0 16@16 assigns
16 queues to tc0 at offset 0 and 16 queues to tc1 at offset 16. Max total
number of queues for all tcs is 64 or number of cores, whichever is lower.)
hw 1 mode channel: ‘channel’ with ‘hw’ set to 1 is a new new hardware
offload mode in mqprio that makes full use of the mqprio options, the
TCs, the queue configurations, and the QoS parameters.
shaper bw_rlimit: for each tc, sets minimum and maximum bandwidth rates.
Totals must be equal or less than port speed.
For example: min_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit: Verify bandwidth limit using network
monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar –n DEV [interval] [number of samples]
2. Enable HW TC offload on interface::
# ethtool -K <interface> hw-tc-offload on
3. Apply TCs to ingress (RX) flow of interface::
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> ingress
NOTES:
- Run all tc commands from the iproute2 <pathtoiproute2>/tc/ directory.
- ADq is not compatible with cloud filters.
- Setting up channels via ethtool (ethtool -L) is not supported when the
TCs are configured using mqprio.
- You must have iproute2 latest version
- NVM version 6.01 or later is required.
- ADq cannot be enabled when any the following features are enabled: Data
Center Bridging (DCB), Multiple Functions per Port (MFP), or Sideband
Filters.
- If another driver (for example, DPDK) has set cloud filters, you cannot
enable ADq.
- Tunnel filters are not supported in ADq. If encapsulated packets do
arrive in non-tunnel mode, filtering will be done on the inner headers.
For example, for VXLAN traffic in non-tunnel mode, PCTYPE is identified
as a VXLAN encapsulated packet, outer headers are ignored. Therefore,
inner headers are matched.
- If a TC filter on a PF matches traffic over a VF (on the PF), that
traffic will be routed to the appropriate queue of the PF, and will
not be passed on the VF. Such traffic will end up getting dropped higher
up in the TCP/IP stack as it does not match PF address data.
- If traffic matches multiple TC filters that point to different TCs,
that traffic will be duplicated and sent to all matching TC queues.
The hardware switch mirrors the packet to a VSI list when multiple
filters are matched.
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
NOTE: 1 Gb devices based on the Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection X722 do
not support the following features:
* Data Center Bridging (DCB)
* QOS
* VMQ
* SR-IOV
* Task Encapsulation offload (VXLAN, NVGRE)
* Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE)
* Auto-media detect
Unexpected Issues when the device driver and DPDK share a device
----------------------------------------------------------------
Unexpected issues may result when an i40e device is in multi driver mode and
the kernel driver and DPDK driver are sharing the device. This is because
access to the global NIC resources is not synchronized between multiple
drivers. Any change to the global NIC configuration (writing to a global
register, setting global configuration by AQ, or changing switch modes) will
affect all ports and drivers on the device. Loading DPDK with the
"multi-driver" module parameter may mitigate some of the issues.
TC0 must be enabled when setting up DCB on a switch
---------------------------------------------------
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet Adaptive Virtual Function
==================================================================
Intel Ethernet Adaptive Virtual Function Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 2013-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues/Troubleshooting
- Support
This file describes the iavf Linux* Base Driver. This driver was formerly
called i40evf.
The iavf driver supports the below mentioned virtual function devices and
can only be activated on kernels running the i40e or newer Physical Function
(PF) driver compiled with CONFIG_PCI_IOV. The iavf driver requires
CONFIG_PCI_MSI to be enabled.
The guest OS loading the iavf driver must support MSI-X interrupts.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The driver in this kernel is compatible with devices based on the following:
* Intel(R) XL710 X710 Virtual Function
* Intel(R) X722 Virtual Function
* Intel(R) XXV710 Virtual Function
* Intel(R) Ethernet Adaptive Virtual Function
For the best performance, make sure the latest NVM/FW is installed on your
device.
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest NVM/FW
images and Intel network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support
Additional Features and Configurations
======================================
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages on
your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following::
dmesg -n 8
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Setting VLAN Tag Stripping
--------------------------
If you have applications that require Virtual Functions (VFs) to receive
packets with VLAN tags, you can disable VLAN tag stripping for the VF. The
Physical Function (PF) processes requests issued from the VF to enable or
disable VLAN tag stripping. Note that if the PF has assigned a VLAN to a VF,
then requests from that VF to set VLAN tag stripping will be ignored.
To enable/disable VLAN tag stripping for a VF, issue the following command
from inside the VM in which you are running the VF::
ethtool -K <if_name> rxvlan on/off
or alternatively::
ethtool --offload <if_name> rxvlan on/off
Adaptive Virtual Function
-------------------------
Adaptive Virtual Function (AVF) allows the virtual function driver, or VF, to
adapt to changing feature sets of the physical function driver (PF) with which
it is associated. This allows system administrators to update a PF without
having to update all the VFs associated with it. All AVFs have a single common
device ID and branding string.
AVFs have a minimum set of features known as "base mode," but may provide
additional features depending on what features are available in the PF with
which the AVF is associated. The following are base mode features:
- 4 Queue Pairs (QP) and associated Configuration Status Registers (CSRs)
for Tx/Rx.
- i40e descriptors and ring format.
- Descriptor write-back completion.
- 1 control queue, with i40e descriptors, CSRs and ring format.
- 5 MSI-X interrupt vectors and corresponding i40e CSRs.
- 1 Interrupt Throttle Rate (ITR) index.
- 1 Virtual Station Interface (VSI) per VF.
- 1 Traffic Class (TC), TC0
- Receive Side Scaling (RSS) with 64 entry indirection table and key,
configured through the PF.
- 1 unicast MAC address reserved per VF.
- 16 MAC address filters for each VF.
- Stateless offloads - non-tunneled checksums.
- AVF device ID.
- HW mailbox is used for VF to PF communications (including on Windows).
IEEE 802.1ad (QinQ) Support
---------------------------
The IEEE 802.1ad standard, informally known as QinQ, allows for multiple VLAN
IDs within a single Ethernet frame. VLAN IDs are sometimes referred to as
"tags," and multiple VLAN IDs are thus referred to as a "tag stack." Tag stacks
allow L2 tunneling and the ability to segregate traffic within a particular
VLAN ID, among other uses.
The following are examples of how to configure 802.1ad (QinQ)::
ip link add link eth0 eth0.24 type vlan proto 802.1ad id 24
ip link add link eth0.24 eth0.24.371 type vlan proto 802.1Q id 371
Where "24" and "371" are example VLAN IDs.
NOTES:
Receive checksum offloads, cloud filters, and VLAN acceleration are not
supported for 802.1ad (QinQ) packets.
Application Device Queues (ADq)
-------------------------------
Application Device Queues (ADq) allows you to dedicate one or more queues to a
specific application. This can reduce latency for the specified application,
and allow Tx traffic to be rate limited per application. Follow the steps below
to set ADq.
1. Create traffic classes (TCs). Maximum of 8 TCs can be created per interface.
The shaper bw_rlimit parameter is optional.
Example: Sets up two tcs, tc0 and tc1, with 16 queues each and max tx rate set
to 1Gbit for tc0 and 3Gbit for tc1.
::
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> root mqprio num_tc 2 map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
queues 16@0 16@16 hw 1 mode channel shaper bw_rlimit min_rate 1Gbit 2Gbit
max_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit
map: priority mapping for up to 16 priorities to tcs (e.g. map 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
sets priorities 0-3 to use tc0 and 4-7 to use tc1)
queues: for each tc, <num queues>@<offset> (e.g. queues 16@0 16@16 assigns
16 queues to tc0 at offset 0 and 16 queues to tc1 at offset 16. Max total
number of queues for all tcs is 64 or number of cores, whichever is lower.)
hw 1 mode channel: ‘channel’ with ‘hw’ set to 1 is a new new hardware
offload mode in mqprio that makes full use of the mqprio options, the
TCs, the queue configurations, and the QoS parameters.
shaper bw_rlimit: for each tc, sets minimum and maximum bandwidth rates.
Totals must be equal or less than port speed.
For example: min_rate 1Gbit 3Gbit: Verify bandwidth limit using network
monitoring tools such as ifstat or sar –n DEV [interval] [number of samples]
2. Enable HW TC offload on interface::
# ethtool -K <interface> hw-tc-offload on
3. Apply TCs to ingress (RX) flow of interface::
# tc qdisc add dev <interface> ingress
NOTES:
- Run all tc commands from the iproute2 <pathtoiproute2>/tc/ directory.
- ADq is not compatible with cloud filters.
- Setting up channels via ethtool (ethtool -L) is not supported when the TCs
are configured using mqprio.
- You must have iproute2 latest version
- NVM version 6.01 or later is required.
- ADq cannot be enabled when any the following features are enabled: Data
Center Bridging (DCB), Multiple Functions per Port (MFP), or Sideband Filters.
- If another driver (for example, DPDK) has set cloud filters, you cannot
enable ADq.
- Tunnel filters are not supported in ADq. If encapsulated packets do arrive
in non-tunnel mode, filtering will be done on the inner headers. For example,
for VXLAN traffic in non-tunnel mode, PCTYPE is identified as a VXLAN
encapsulated packet, outer headers are ignored. Therefore, inner headers are
matched.
- If a TC filter on a PF matches traffic over a VF (on the PF), that traffic
will be routed to the appropriate queue of the PF, and will not be passed on
the VF. Such traffic will end up getting dropped higher up in the TCP/IP
stack as it does not match PF address data.
- If traffic matches multiple TC filters that point to different TCs, that
traffic will be duplicated and sent to all matching TC queues. The hardware
switch mirrors the packet to a VSI list when multiple filters are matched.
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
Traffic Is Not Being Passed Between VM and Client
-------------------------------------------------
You may not be able to pass traffic between a client system and a
Virtual Machine (VM) running on a separate host if the Virtual Function
(VF, or Virtual NIC) is not in trusted mode and spoof checking is enabled
on the VF. Note that this situation can occur in any combination of client,
host, and guest operating system. For information on how to set the VF to
trusted mode, refer to the section "VLAN Tag Packet Steering" in this
readme document. For information on setting spoof checking, refer to the
section "MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature" in this readme document.
Do not unload port driver if VF with active VM is bound to it
-------------------------------------------------------------
Do not unload a port's driver if a Virtual Function (VF) with an active Virtual
Machine (VM) is bound to it. Doing so will cause the port to appear to hang.
Once the VM shuts down, or otherwise releases the VF, the command will complete.
Virtual machine does not get link
---------------------------------
If the virtual machine has more than one virtual port assigned to it, and those
virtual ports are bound to different physical ports, you may not get link on
all of the virtual ports. The following command may work around the issue::
ethtool -r <PF>
Where <PF> is the PF interface in the host, for example: p5p1. You may need to
run the command more than once to get link on all virtual ports.
MAC address of Virtual Function changes unexpectedly
----------------------------------------------------
If a Virtual Function's MAC address is not assigned in the host, then the VF
(virtual function) driver will use a random MAC address. This random MAC
address may change each time the VF driver is reloaded. You can assign a static
MAC address in the host machine. This static MAC address will survive
a VF driver reload.
Driver Buffer Overflow Fix
--------------------------
The fix to resolve CVE-2016-8105, referenced in Intel SA-00069
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00069.html
is included in this and future versions of the driver.
Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have one system
on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain (non-partitioned
switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces will respond to IP traffic
for any IP address assigned to the system. This results in unbalanced receive
traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, either turn on ARP filtering by
entering::
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots. The configuration change can be
made permanent by adding the following line to the file /etc/sysctl.conf::
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
Another alternative is to install the interfaces in separate broadcast domains
(either in different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs).
Rx Page Allocation Errors
-------------------------
'Page allocation failure. order:0' errors may occur under stress.
This is caused by the way the Linux kernel reports this stressed condition.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://support.intel.com
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on the supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) Ethernet Connection E800 Series
===================================================================
Intel ice Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Enabling the driver
- Support
The driver in this release supports Intel's E800 Series of products. For
more information, visit Intel's support page at https://support.intel.com.
Enabling the driver
===================
The driver is enabled via the standard kernel configuration system,
using the make command::
make oldconfig/menuconfig/etc.
The driver is located in the menu structure at:
-> Device Drivers
-> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y])
-> Ethernet driver support
-> Intel devices
-> Intel(R) Ethernet Connection E800 Series Support
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection
===========================================================
Intel Gigabit Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Command Line Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Support
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support
Command Line Parameters
========================
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are used
by entering them on the command line with the modprobe command using this
syntax::
modprobe igb [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]
There needs to be a <VAL#> for each network port in the system supported by
this driver. The values will be applied to each instance, in function order.
For example::
modprobe igb max_vfs=2,4
In this case, there are two network ports supported by igb in the system.
NOTE: A descriptor describes a data buffer and attributes related to the data
buffer. This information is accessed by the hardware.
max_vfs
-------
:Valid Range: 0-7
This parameter adds support for SR-IOV. It causes the driver to spawn up to
max_vfs worth of virtual functions. If the value is greater than 0 it will
also force the VMDq parameter to be 1 or more.
The parameters for the driver are referenced by position. Thus, if you have a
dual port adapter, or more than one adapter in your system, and want N virtual
functions per port, you must specify a number for each port with each parameter
separated by a comma. For example::
modprobe igb max_vfs=4
This will spawn 4 VFs on the first port.
::
modprobe igb max_vfs=2,4
This will spawn 2 VFs on the first port and 4 VFs on the second port.
NOTE: Caution must be used in loading the driver with these parameters.
Depending on your system configuration, number of slots, etc., it is impossible
to predict in all cases where the positions would be on the command line.
NOTE: Neither the device nor the driver control how VFs are mapped into config
space. Bus layout will vary by operating system. On operating systems that
support it, you can check sysfs to find the mapping.
NOTE: When either SR-IOV mode or VMDq mode is enabled, hardware VLAN filtering
and VLAN tag stripping/insertion will remain enabled. Please remove the old
VLAN filter before the new VLAN filter is added. For example::
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 100 // set vlan 100 for VF 0
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 0 // Delete vlan 100
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 200 // set a new vlan 200 for VF 0
Debug
-----
:Valid Range: 0-16 (0=none,...,16=all)
:Default Value: 0
This parameter adjusts the level debug messages displayed in the system logs.
Additional Features and Configurations
======================================
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows::
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file:
- For RHEL: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x>
- For SLES: /etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file>
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 9216. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9234 bytes.
NOTE: Using Jumbo frames at 10 or 100 Mbps is not supported and may result in
poor performance or loss of link.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Enabling Wake on LAN* (WoL)
---------------------------
WoL is configured through the ethtool* utility.
WoL will be enabled on the system during the next shut down or reboot. For
this driver version, in order to enable WoL, the igb driver must be loaded
prior to shutting down or suspending the system.
NOTE: Wake on LAN is only supported on port A of multi-port devices. Also
Wake On LAN is not supported for the following device:
- Intel(R) Gigabit VT Quad Port Server Adapter
Multiqueue
----------
In this mode, a separate MSI-X vector is allocated for each queue and one for
"other" interrupts such as link status change and errors. All interrupts are
throttled via interrupt moderation. Interrupt moderation must be used to avoid
interrupt storms while the driver is processing one interrupt. The moderation
value should be at least as large as the expected time for the driver to
process an interrupt. Multiqueue is off by default.
REQUIREMENTS: MSI-X support is required for Multiqueue. If MSI-X is not found,
the system will fallback to MSI or to Legacy interrupts. This driver supports
receive multiqueue on all kernels that support MSI-X.
NOTE: On some kernels a reboot is required to switch between single queue mode
and multiqueue mode or vice-versa.
MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature
----------------------------------
When a malicious driver attempts to send a spoofed packet, it is dropped by the
hardware and not transmitted.
An interrupt is sent to the PF driver notifying it of the spoof attempt. When a
spoofed packet is detected, the PF driver will send the following message to
the system log (displayed by the "dmesg" command):
Spoof event(s) detected on VF(n), where n = the VF that attempted to do the
spoofing
Setting MAC Address, VLAN and Rate Limit Using IProute2 Tool
------------------------------------------------------------
You can set a MAC address of a Virtual Function (VF), a default VLAN and the
rate limit using the IProute2 tool. Download the latest version of the
IProute2 tool from Sourceforge if your version does not have all the features
you require.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Virtual Function Driver for Intel(R) 1G Ethernet
============================================================
Intel Gigabit Virtual Function Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Additional Configurations
- Support
This driver supports Intel 82576-based virtual function devices-based virtual
function devices that can only be activated on kernels that support SR-IOV.
SR-IOV requires the correct platform and OS support.
The guest OS loading this driver must support MSI-X interrupts.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel adapter. All hardware requirements listed apply to use
with Linux.
Driver information can be obtained using ethtool, lspci, and ifconfig.
Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section Additional
Configurations later in this document.
NOTE: There is a limit of a total of 32 shared VLANs to 1 or more VFs.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
http://www.intel.com/support
Additional Features and Configurations
======================================
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

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Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2100 Driver for Linux in support of:
Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2100 Network Connection
Copyright (C) 2003-2006, Intel Corporation
README.ipw2100
Version: git-1.1.5
Date : January 25, 2006
Index
-----------------------------------------------
0. IMPORTANT INFORMATION BEFORE USING THIS DRIVER
1. Introduction
2. Release git-1.1.5 Current Features
3. Command Line Parameters
4. Sysfs Helper Files
5. Radio Kill Switch
6. Dynamic Firmware
7. Power Management
8. Support
9. License
0. IMPORTANT INFORMATION BEFORE USING THIS DRIVER
-----------------------------------------------
Important Notice FOR ALL USERS OR DISTRIBUTORS!!!!
Intel wireless LAN adapters are engineered, manufactured, tested, and
quality checked to ensure that they meet all necessary local and
governmental regulatory agency requirements for the regions that they
are designated and/or marked to ship into. Since wireless LANs are
generally unlicensed devices that share spectrum with radars,
satellites, and other licensed and unlicensed devices, it is sometimes
necessary to dynamically detect, avoid, and limit usage to avoid
interference with these devices. In many instances Intel is required to
provide test data to prove regional and local compliance to regional and
governmental regulations before certification or approval to use the
product is granted. Intel's wireless LAN's EEPROM, firmware, and
software driver are designed to carefully control parameters that affect
radio operation and to ensure electromagnetic compliance (EMC). These
parameters include, without limitation, RF power, spectrum usage,
channel scanning, and human exposure.
For these reasons Intel cannot permit any manipulation by third parties
of the software provided in binary format with the wireless WLAN
adapters (e.g., the EEPROM and firmware). Furthermore, if you use any
patches, utilities, or code with the Intel wireless LAN adapters that
have been manipulated by an unauthorized party (i.e., patches,
utilities, or code (including open source code modifications) which have
not been validated by Intel), (i) you will be solely responsible for
ensuring the regulatory compliance of the products, (ii) Intel will bear
no liability, under any theory of liability for any issues associated
with the modified products, including without limitation, claims under
the warranty and/or issues arising from regulatory non-compliance, and
(iii) Intel will not provide or be required to assist in providing
support to any third parties for such modified products.
Note: Many regulatory agencies consider Wireless LAN adapters to be
modules, and accordingly, condition system-level regulatory approval
upon receipt and review of test data documenting that the antennas and
system configuration do not cause the EMC and radio operation to be
non-compliant.
The drivers available for download from SourceForge are provided as a
part of a development project. Conformance to local regulatory
requirements is the responsibility of the individual developer. As
such, if you are interested in deploying or shipping a driver as part of
solution intended to be used for purposes other than development, please
obtain a tested driver from Intel Customer Support at:
http://www.intel.com/support/wireless/sb/CS-006408.htm
1. Introduction
-----------------------------------------------
This document provides a brief overview of the features supported by the
IPW2100 driver project. The main project website, where the latest
development version of the driver can be found, is:
http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net
There you can find the not only the latest releases, but also information about
potential fixes and patches, as well as links to the development mailing list
for the driver project.
2. Release git-1.1.5 Current Supported Features
-----------------------------------------------
- Managed (BSS) and Ad-Hoc (IBSS)
- WEP (shared key and open)
- Wireless Tools support
- 802.1x (tested with XSupplicant 1.0.1)
Enabled (but not supported) features:
- Monitor/RFMon mode
- WPA/WPA2
The distinction between officially supported and enabled is a reflection
on the amount of validation and interoperability testing that has been
performed on a given feature.
3. Command Line Parameters
-----------------------------------------------
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are used
by entering them on the command line with the modprobe command using this
syntax:
modprobe ipw2100 [<option>=<VAL1><,VAL2>...]
For example, to disable the radio on driver loading, enter:
modprobe ipw2100 disable=1
The ipw2100 driver supports the following module parameters:
Name Value Example:
debug 0x0-0xffffffff debug=1024
mode 0,1,2 mode=1 /* AdHoc */
channel int channel=3 /* Only valid in AdHoc or Monitor */
associate boolean associate=0 /* Do NOT auto associate */
disable boolean disable=1 /* Do not power the HW */
4. Sysfs Helper Files
---------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
There are several ways to control the behavior of the driver. Many of the
general capabilities are exposed through the Wireless Tools (iwconfig). There
are a few capabilities that are exposed through entries in the Linux Sysfs.
----- Driver Level ------
For the driver level files, look in /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2100/
debug_level
This controls the same global as the 'debug' module parameter. For
information on the various debugging levels available, run the 'dvals'
script found in the driver source directory.
NOTE: 'debug_level' is only enabled if CONFIG_IPW2100_DEBUG is turn
on.
----- Device Level ------
For the device level files look in
/sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2100/{PCI-ID}/
For example:
/sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2100/0000:02:01.0
For the device level files, see /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2100:
rf_kill
read -
0 = RF kill not enabled (radio on)
1 = SW based RF kill active (radio off)
2 = HW based RF kill active (radio off)
3 = Both HW and SW RF kill active (radio off)
write -
0 = If SW based RF kill active, turn the radio back on
1 = If radio is on, activate SW based RF kill
NOTE: If you enable the SW based RF kill and then toggle the HW
based RF kill from ON -> OFF -> ON, the radio will NOT come back on
5. Radio Kill Switch
-----------------------------------------------
Most laptops provide the ability for the user to physically disable the radio.
Some vendors have implemented this as a physical switch that requires no
software to turn the radio off and on. On other laptops, however, the switch
is controlled through a button being pressed and a software driver then making
calls to turn the radio off and on. This is referred to as a "software based
RF kill switch"
See the Sysfs helper file 'rf_kill' for determining the state of the RF switch
on your system.
6. Dynamic Firmware
-----------------------------------------------
As the firmware is licensed under a restricted use license, it can not be
included within the kernel sources. To enable the IPW2100 you will need a
firmware image to load into the wireless NIC's processors.
You can obtain these images from <http://ipw2100.sf.net/firmware.php>.
See INSTALL for instructions on installing the firmware.
7. Power Management
-----------------------------------------------
The IPW2100 supports the configuration of the Power Save Protocol
through a private wireless extension interface. The IPW2100 supports
the following different modes:
off No power management. Radio is always on.
on Automatic power management
1-5 Different levels of power management. The higher the
number the greater the power savings, but with an impact to
packet latencies.
Power management works by powering down the radio after a certain
interval of time has passed where no packets are passed through the
radio. Once powered down, the radio remains in that state for a given
period of time. For higher power savings, the interval between last
packet processed to sleep is shorter and the sleep period is longer.
When the radio is asleep, the access point sending data to the station
must buffer packets at the AP until the station wakes up and requests
any buffered packets. If you have an AP that does not correctly support
the PSP protocol you may experience packet loss or very poor performance
while power management is enabled. If this is the case, you will need
to try and find a firmware update for your AP, or disable power
management (via `iwconfig eth1 power off`)
To configure the power level on the IPW2100 you use a combination of
iwconfig and iwpriv. iwconfig is used to turn power management on, off,
and set it to auto.
iwconfig eth1 power off Disables radio power down
iwconfig eth1 power on Enables radio power management to
last set level (defaults to AUTO)
iwpriv eth1 set_power 0 Sets power level to AUTO and enables
power management if not previously
enabled.
iwpriv eth1 set_power 1-5 Set the power level as specified,
enabling power management if not
previously enabled.
You can view the current power level setting via:
iwpriv eth1 get_power
It will return the current period or timeout that is configured as a string
in the form of xxxx/yyyy (z) where xxxx is the timeout interval (amount of
time after packet processing), yyyy is the period to sleep (amount of time to
wait before powering the radio and querying the access point for buffered
packets), and z is the 'power level'. If power management is turned off the
xxxx/yyyy will be replaced with 'off' -- the level reported will be the active
level if `iwconfig eth1 power on` is invoked.
8. Support
-----------------------------------------------
For general development information and support,
go to:
http://ipw2100.sf.net/
The ipw2100 1.1.0 driver and firmware can be downloaded from:
http://support.intel.com
For installation support on the ipw2100 1.1.0 driver on Linux kernels
2.6.8 or greater, email support is available from:
http://supportmail.intel.com
9. License
-----------------------------------------------
Copyright(c) 2003 - 2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License (version 2) as
published by the Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
The full GNU General Public License is included in this distribution in the
file called LICENSE.
License Contact Information:
James P. Ketrenos <ipw2100-admin@linux.intel.com>
Intel Corporation, 5200 N.E. Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124-6497

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Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux in support of:
Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2200BG Network Connection
Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Network Connection
Note: The Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux and Intel(R)
PRO/Wireless 2200BG Driver for Linux is a unified driver that works on
both hardware adapters listed above. In this document the Intel(R)
PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux will be used to reference the
unified driver.
Copyright (C) 2004-2006, Intel Corporation
README.ipw2200
Version: 1.1.2
Date : March 30, 2006
Index
-----------------------------------------------
0. IMPORTANT INFORMATION BEFORE USING THIS DRIVER
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of features
1.2. Module parameters
1.3. Wireless Extension Private Methods
1.4. Sysfs Helper Files
1.5. Supported channels
2. Ad-Hoc Networking
3. Interacting with Wireless Tools
3.1. iwconfig mode
3.2. iwconfig sens
4. About the Version Numbers
5. Firmware installation
6. Support
7. License
0. IMPORTANT INFORMATION BEFORE USING THIS DRIVER
-----------------------------------------------
Important Notice FOR ALL USERS OR DISTRIBUTORS!!!!
Intel wireless LAN adapters are engineered, manufactured, tested, and
quality checked to ensure that they meet all necessary local and
governmental regulatory agency requirements for the regions that they
are designated and/or marked to ship into. Since wireless LANs are
generally unlicensed devices that share spectrum with radars,
satellites, and other licensed and unlicensed devices, it is sometimes
necessary to dynamically detect, avoid, and limit usage to avoid
interference with these devices. In many instances Intel is required to
provide test data to prove regional and local compliance to regional and
governmental regulations before certification or approval to use the
product is granted. Intel's wireless LAN's EEPROM, firmware, and
software driver are designed to carefully control parameters that affect
radio operation and to ensure electromagnetic compliance (EMC). These
parameters include, without limitation, RF power, spectrum usage,
channel scanning, and human exposure.
For these reasons Intel cannot permit any manipulation by third parties
of the software provided in binary format with the wireless WLAN
adapters (e.g., the EEPROM and firmware). Furthermore, if you use any
patches, utilities, or code with the Intel wireless LAN adapters that
have been manipulated by an unauthorized party (i.e., patches,
utilities, or code (including open source code modifications) which have
not been validated by Intel), (i) you will be solely responsible for
ensuring the regulatory compliance of the products, (ii) Intel will bear
no liability, under any theory of liability for any issues associated
with the modified products, including without limitation, claims under
the warranty and/or issues arising from regulatory non-compliance, and
(iii) Intel will not provide or be required to assist in providing
support to any third parties for such modified products.
Note: Many regulatory agencies consider Wireless LAN adapters to be
modules, and accordingly, condition system-level regulatory approval
upon receipt and review of test data documenting that the antennas and
system configuration do not cause the EMC and radio operation to be
non-compliant.
The drivers available for download from SourceForge are provided as a
part of a development project. Conformance to local regulatory
requirements is the responsibility of the individual developer. As
such, if you are interested in deploying or shipping a driver as part of
solution intended to be used for purposes other than development, please
obtain a tested driver from Intel Customer Support at:
http://support.intel.com
1. Introduction
-----------------------------------------------
The following sections attempt to provide a brief introduction to using
the Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux.
This document is not meant to be a comprehensive manual on
understanding or using wireless technologies, but should be sufficient
to get you moving without wires on Linux.
For information on building and installing the driver, see the INSTALL
file.
1.1. Overview of Features
-----------------------------------------------
The current release (1.1.2) supports the following features:
+ BSS mode (Infrastructure, Managed)
+ IBSS mode (Ad-Hoc)
+ WEP (OPEN and SHARED KEY mode)
+ 802.1x EAP via wpa_supplicant and xsupplicant
+ Wireless Extension support
+ Full B and G rate support (2200 and 2915)
+ Full A rate support (2915 only)
+ Transmit power control
+ S state support (ACPI suspend/resume)
The following features are currently enabled, but not officially
supported:
+ WPA
+ long/short preamble support
+ Monitor mode (aka RFMon)
The distinction between officially supported and enabled is a reflection
on the amount of validation and interoperability testing that has been
performed on a given feature.
1.2. Command Line Parameters
-----------------------------------------------
Like many modules used in the Linux kernel, the Intel(R) PRO/Wireless
2915ABG Driver for Linux allows configuration options to be provided
as module parameters. The most common way to specify a module parameter
is via the command line.
The general form is:
% modprobe ipw2200 parameter=value
Where the supported parameter are:
associate
Set to 0 to disable the auto scan-and-associate functionality of the
driver. If disabled, the driver will not attempt to scan
for and associate to a network until it has been configured with
one or more properties for the target network, for example configuring
the network SSID. Default is 0 (do not auto-associate)
Example: % modprobe ipw2200 associate=0
auto_create
Set to 0 to disable the auto creation of an Ad-Hoc network
matching the channel and network name parameters provided.
Default is 1.
channel
channel number for association. The normal method for setting
the channel would be to use the standard wireless tools
(i.e. `iwconfig eth1 channel 10`), but it is useful sometimes
to set this while debugging. Channel 0 means 'ANY'
debug
If using a debug build, this is used to control the amount of debug
info is logged. See the 'dvals' and 'load' script for more info on
how to use this (the dvals and load scripts are provided as part
of the ipw2200 development snapshot releases available from the
SourceForge project at http://ipw2200.sf.net)
led
Can be used to turn on experimental LED code.
0 = Off, 1 = On. Default is 1.
mode
Can be used to set the default mode of the adapter.
0 = Managed, 1 = Ad-Hoc, 2 = Monitor
1.3. Wireless Extension Private Methods
-----------------------------------------------
As an interface designed to handle generic hardware, there are certain
capabilities not exposed through the normal Wireless Tool interface. As
such, a provision is provided for a driver to declare custom, or
private, methods. The Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux
defines several of these to configure various settings.
The general form of using the private wireless methods is:
% iwpriv $IFNAME method parameters
Where $IFNAME is the interface name the device is registered with
(typically eth1, customized via one of the various network interface
name managers, such as ifrename)
The supported private methods are:
get_mode
Can be used to report out which IEEE mode the driver is
configured to support. Example:
% iwpriv eth1 get_mode
eth1 get_mode:802.11bg (6)
set_mode
Can be used to configure which IEEE mode the driver will
support.
Usage:
% iwpriv eth1 set_mode {mode}
Where {mode} is a number in the range 1-7:
1 802.11a (2915 only)
2 802.11b
3 802.11ab (2915 only)
4 802.11g
5 802.11ag (2915 only)
6 802.11bg
7 802.11abg (2915 only)
get_preamble
Can be used to report configuration of preamble length.
set_preamble
Can be used to set the configuration of preamble length:
Usage:
% iwpriv eth1 set_preamble {mode}
Where {mode} is one of:
1 Long preamble only
0 Auto (long or short based on connection)
1.4. Sysfs Helper Files:
-----------------------------------------------
The Linux kernel provides a pseudo file system that can be used to
access various components of the operating system. The Intel(R)
PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux exposes several configuration
parameters through this mechanism.
An entry in the sysfs can support reading and/or writing. You can
typically query the contents of a sysfs entry through the use of cat,
and can set the contents via echo. For example:
% cat /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200/debug_level
Will report the current debug level of the driver's logging subsystem
(only available if CONFIG_IPW2200_DEBUG was configured when the driver
was built).
You can set the debug level via:
% echo $VALUE > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200/debug_level
Where $VALUE would be a number in the case of this sysfs entry. The
input to sysfs files does not have to be a number. For example, the
firmware loader used by hotplug utilizes sysfs entries for transferring
the firmware image from user space into the driver.
The Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux exposes sysfs entries
at two levels -- driver level, which apply to all instances of the driver
(in the event that there are more than one device installed) and device
level, which applies only to the single specific instance.
1.4.1 Driver Level Sysfs Helper Files
-----------------------------------------------
For the driver level files, look in /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200/
debug_level
This controls the same global as the 'debug' module parameter
1.4.2 Device Level Sysfs Helper Files
-----------------------------------------------
For the device level files, look in
/sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200/{PCI-ID}/
For example:
/sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200/0000:02:01.0
For the device level files, see /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ipw2200:
rf_kill
read -
0 = RF kill not enabled (radio on)
1 = SW based RF kill active (radio off)
2 = HW based RF kill active (radio off)
3 = Both HW and SW RF kill active (radio off)
write -
0 = If SW based RF kill active, turn the radio back on
1 = If radio is on, activate SW based RF kill
NOTE: If you enable the SW based RF kill and then toggle the HW
based RF kill from ON -> OFF -> ON, the radio will NOT come back on
ucode
read-only access to the ucode version number
led
read -
0 = LED code disabled
1 = LED code enabled
write -
0 = Disable LED code
1 = Enable LED code
NOTE: The LED code has been reported to hang some systems when
running ifconfig and is therefore disabled by default.
1.5. Supported channels
-----------------------------------------------
Upon loading the Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2915ABG Driver for Linux, a
message stating the detected geography code and the number of 802.11
channels supported by the card will be displayed in the log.
The geography code corresponds to a regulatory domain as shown in the
table below.
Supported channels
Code Geography 802.11bg 802.11a
--- Restricted 11 0
ZZF Custom US/Canada 11 8
ZZD Rest of World 13 0
ZZA Custom USA & Europe & High 11 13
ZZB Custom NA & Europe 11 13
ZZC Custom Japan 11 4
ZZM Custom 11 0
ZZE Europe 13 19
ZZJ Custom Japan 14 4
ZZR Rest of World 14 0
ZZH High Band 13 4
ZZG Custom Europe 13 4
ZZK Europe 13 24
ZZL Europe 11 13
2. Ad-Hoc Networking
-----------------------------------------------
When using a device in an Ad-Hoc network, it is useful to understand the
sequence and requirements for the driver to be able to create, join, or
merge networks.
The following attempts to provide enough information so that you can
have a consistent experience while using the driver as a member of an
Ad-Hoc network.
2.1. Joining an Ad-Hoc Network
-----------------------------------------------
The easiest way to get onto an Ad-Hoc network is to join one that
already exists.
2.2. Creating an Ad-Hoc Network
-----------------------------------------------
An Ad-Hoc networks is created using the syntax of the Wireless tool.
For Example:
iwconfig eth1 mode ad-hoc essid testing channel 2
2.3. Merging Ad-Hoc Networks
-----------------------------------------------
3. Interaction with Wireless Tools
-----------------------------------------------
3.1 iwconfig mode
-----------------------------------------------
When configuring the mode of the adapter, all run-time configured parameters
are reset to the value used when the module was loaded. This includes
channels, rates, ESSID, etc.
3.2 iwconfig sens
-----------------------------------------------
The 'iwconfig ethX sens XX' command will not set the signal sensitivity
threshold, as described in iwconfig documentation, but rather the number
of consecutive missed beacons that will trigger handover, i.e. roaming
to another access point. At the same time, it will set the disassociation
threshold to 3 times the given value.
4. About the Version Numbers
-----------------------------------------------
Due to the nature of open source development projects, there are
frequently changes being incorporated that have not gone through
a complete validation process. These changes are incorporated into
development snapshot releases.
Releases are numbered with a three level scheme:
major.minor.development
Any version where the 'development' portion is 0 (for example
1.0.0, 1.1.0, etc.) indicates a stable version that will be made
available for kernel inclusion.
Any version where the 'development' portion is not a 0 (for
example 1.0.1, 1.1.5, etc.) indicates a development version that is
being made available for testing and cutting edge users. The stability
and functionality of the development releases are not know. We make
efforts to try and keep all snapshots reasonably stable, but due to the
frequency of their release, and the desire to get those releases
available as quickly as possible, unknown anomalies should be expected.
The major version number will be incremented when significant changes
are made to the driver. Currently, there are no major changes planned.
5. Firmware installation
----------------------------------------------
The driver requires a firmware image, download it and extract the
files under /lib/firmware (or wherever your hotplug's firmware.agent
will look for firmware files)
The firmware can be downloaded from the following URL:
http://ipw2200.sf.net/
6. Support
-----------------------------------------------
For direct support of the 1.0.0 version, you can contact
http://supportmail.intel.com, or you can use the open source project
support.
For general information and support, go to:
http://ipw2200.sf.net/
7. License
-----------------------------------------------
Copyright(c) 2003 - 2006 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
published by the Free Software Foundation.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
The full GNU General Public License is included in this distribution in the
file called LICENSE.
Contact Information:
James P. Ketrenos <ipw2100-admin@linux.intel.com>
Intel Corporation, 5200 N.E. Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124-6497

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux Base Driver for 10 Gigabit Intel(R) Ethernet Network Connection
=====================================================================
October 1, 2018
Contents
========
- In This Release
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Command Line Parameters
- Improving Performance
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues/Troubleshooting
- Support
In This Release
===============
This file describes the ixgb Linux Base Driver for the 10 Gigabit Intel(R)
Network Connection. This driver includes support for Itanium(R)2-based
systems.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your 10 Gigabit adapter. All hardware requirements listed apply
to use with Linux.
The following features are available in this kernel:
- Native VLANs
- Channel Bonding (teaming)
- SNMP
Channel Bonding documentation can be found in the Linux kernel source:
/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt
The driver information previously displayed in the /proc filesystem is not
supported in this release. Alternatively, you can use ethtool (version 1.6
or later), lspci, and iproute2 to obtain the same information.
Instructions on updating ethtool can be found in the section "Additional
Configurations" later in this document.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The following Intel network adapters are compatible with the drivers in this
release:
+------------+------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Controller | Adapter Name | Physical Layer |
+============+==============================+==================================+
| 82597EX | Intel(R) PRO/10GbE LR/SR/CX4 | - 10G Base-LR (fiber) |
| | Server Adapters | - 10G Base-SR (fiber) |
| | | - 10G Base-CX4 (copper) |
+------------+------------------------------+----------------------------------+
For more information on how to identify your adapter, go to the Adapter &
Driver ID Guide at:
https://support.intel.com
Command Line Parameters
=======================
If the driver is built as a module, the following optional parameters are
used by entering them on the command line with the modprobe command using
this syntax::
modprobe ixgb [<option>=<VAL1>,<VAL2>,...]
For example, with two 10GbE PCI adapters, entering::
modprobe ixgb TxDescriptors=80,128
loads the ixgb driver with 80 TX resources for the first adapter and 128 TX
resources for the second adapter.
The default value for each parameter is generally the recommended setting,
unless otherwise noted.
Copybreak
---------
:Valid Range: 0-XXXX
:Default Value: 256
This is the maximum size of packet that is copied to a new buffer on
receive.
Debug
-----
:Valid Range: 0-16 (0=none,...,16=all)
:Default Value: 0
This parameter adjusts the level of debug messages displayed in the
system logs.
FlowControl
-----------
:Valid Range: 0-3 (0=none, 1=Rx only, 2=Tx only, 3=Rx&Tx)
:Default Value: 1 if no EEPROM, otherwise read from EEPROM
This parameter controls the automatic generation(Tx) and response(Rx) to
Ethernet PAUSE frames. There are hardware bugs associated with enabling
Tx flow control so beware.
RxDescriptors
-------------
:Valid Range: 64-4096
:Default Value: 1024
This value is the number of receive descriptors allocated by the driver.
Increasing this value allows the driver to buffer more incoming packets.
Each descriptor is 16 bytes. A receive buffer is also allocated for
each descriptor and can be either 2048, 4056, 8192, or 16384 bytes,
depending on the MTU setting. When the MTU size is 1500 or less, the
receive buffer size is 2048 bytes. When the MTU is greater than 1500 the
receive buffer size will be either 4056, 8192, or 16384 bytes. The
maximum MTU size is 16114.
TxDescriptors
-------------
:Valid Range: 64-4096
:Default Value: 256
This value is the number of transmit descriptors allocated by the driver.
Increasing this value allows the driver to queue more transmits. Each
descriptor is 16 bytes.
RxIntDelay
----------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 72
This value delays the generation of receive interrupts in units of
0.8192 microseconds. Receive interrupt reduction can improve CPU
efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing
this value adds extra latency to frame reception and can end up
decreasing the throughput of TCP traffic. If the system is reporting
dropped receives, this value may be set too high, causing the driver to
run out of available receive descriptors.
TxIntDelay
----------
:Valid Range: 0-65535 (0=off)
:Default Value: 32
This value delays the generation of transmit interrupts in units of
0.8192 microseconds. Transmit interrupt reduction can improve CPU
efficiency if properly tuned for specific network traffic. Increasing
this value adds extra latency to frame transmission and can end up
decreasing the throughput of TCP traffic. If this value is set too high,
it will cause the driver to run out of available transmit descriptors.
XsumRX
------
:Valid Range: 0-1
:Default Value: 1
A value of '1' indicates that the driver should enable IP checksum
offload for received packets (both UDP and TCP) to the adapter hardware.
RxFCHighThresh
--------------
:Valid Range: 1,536-262,136 (0x600 - 0x3FFF8, 8 byte granularity)
:Default Value: 196,608 (0x30000)
Receive Flow control high threshold (when we send a pause frame)
RxFCLowThresh
-------------
:Valid Range: 64-262,136 (0x40 - 0x3FFF8, 8 byte granularity)
:Default Value: 163,840 (0x28000)
Receive Flow control low threshold (when we send a resume frame)
FCReqTimeout
------------
:Valid Range: 1-65535
:Default Value: 65535
Flow control request timeout (how long to pause the link partner's tx)
IntDelayEnable
--------------
:Value Range: 0,1
:Default Value: 1
Interrupt Delay, 0 disables transmit interrupt delay and 1 enables it.
Improving Performance
=====================
With the 10 Gigabit server adapters, the default Linux configuration will
very likely limit the total available throughput artificially. There is a set
of configuration changes that, when applied together, will increase the ability
of Linux to transmit and receive data. The following enhancements were
originally acquired from settings published at http://www.spec.org/web99/ for
various submitted results using Linux.
NOTE:
These changes are only suggestions, and serve as a starting point for
tuning your network performance.
The changes are made in three major ways, listed in order of greatest effect:
- Use ip link to modify the mtu (maximum transmission unit) and the txqueuelen
parameter.
- Use sysctl to modify /proc parameters (essentially kernel tuning)
- Use setpci to modify the MMRBC field in PCI-X configuration space to increase
transmit burst lengths on the bus.
NOTE:
setpci modifies the adapter's configuration registers to allow it to read
up to 4k bytes at a time (for transmits). However, for some systems the
behavior after modifying this register may be undefined (possibly errors of
some kind). A power-cycle, hard reset or explicitly setting the e6 register
back to 22 (setpci -d 8086:1a48 e6.b=22) may be required to get back to a
stable configuration.
- COPY these lines and paste them into ixgb_perf.sh:
::
#!/bin/bash
echo "configuring network performance , edit this file to change the interface
or device ID of 10GbE card"
# set mmrbc to 4k reads, modify only Intel 10GbE device IDs
# replace 1a48 with appropriate 10GbE device's ID installed on the system,
# if needed.
setpci -d 8086:1a48 e6.b=2e
# set the MTU (max transmission unit) - it requires your switch and clients
# to change as well.
# set the txqueuelen
# your ixgb adapter should be loaded as eth1 for this to work, change if needed
ip li set dev eth1 mtu 9000 txqueuelen 1000 up
# call the sysctl utility to modify /proc/sys entries
sysctl -p ./sysctl_ixgb.conf
- COPY these lines and paste them into sysctl_ixgb.conf:
::
# some of the defaults may be different for your kernel
# call this file with sysctl -p <this file>
# these are just suggested values that worked well to increase throughput in
# several network benchmark tests, your mileage may vary
### IPV4 specific settings
# turn TCP timestamp support off, default 1, reduces CPU use
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
# turn SACK support off, default on
# on systems with a VERY fast bus -> memory interface this is the big gainer
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
# set min/default/max TCP read buffer, default 4096 87380 174760
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 10000000 10000000 10000000
# set min/pressure/max TCP write buffer, default 4096 16384 131072
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 10000000 10000000 10000000
# set min/pressure/max TCP buffer space, default 31744 32256 32768
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 10000000 10000000 10000000
### CORE settings (mostly for socket and UDP effect)
# set maximum receive socket buffer size, default 131071
net.core.rmem_max = 524287
# set maximum send socket buffer size, default 131071
net.core.wmem_max = 524287
# set default receive socket buffer size, default 65535
net.core.rmem_default = 524287
# set default send socket buffer size, default 65535
net.core.wmem_default = 524287
# set maximum amount of option memory buffers, default 10240
net.core.optmem_max = 524287
# set number of unprocessed input packets before kernel starts dropping them; default 300
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 300000
Edit the ixgb_perf.sh script if necessary to change eth1 to whatever interface
your ixgb driver is using and/or replace '1a48' with appropriate 10GbE device's
ID installed on the system.
NOTE:
Unless these scripts are added to the boot process, these changes will
only last only until the next system reboot.
Resolving Slow UDP Traffic
--------------------------
If your server does not seem to be able to receive UDP traffic as fast as it
can receive TCP traffic, it could be because Linux, by default, does not set
the network stack buffers as large as they need to be to support high UDP
transfer rates. One way to alleviate this problem is to allow more memory to
be used by the IP stack to store incoming data.
For instance, use the commands::
sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=262143
and::
sysctl -w net.core.rmem_default=262143
to increase the read buffer memory max and default to 262143 (256k - 1) from
defaults of max=131071 (128k - 1) and default=65535 (64k - 1). These variables
will increase the amount of memory used by the network stack for receives, and
can be increased significantly more if necessary for your application.
Additional Configurations
=========================
Configuring the Driver on Different Distributions
-------------------------------------------------
Configuring a network driver to load properly when the system is started is
distribution dependent. Typically, the configuration process involves adding
an alias line to /etc/modprobe.conf as well as editing other system startup
scripts and/or configuration files. Many popular Linux distributions ship
with tools to make these changes for you. To learn the proper way to
configure a network device for your system, refer to your distribution
documentation. If during this process you are asked for the driver or module
name, the name for the Linux Base Driver for the Intel 10GbE Family of
Adapters is ixgb.
Viewing Link Messages
---------------------
Link messages will not be displayed to the console if the distribution is
restricting system messages. In order to see network driver link messages on
your console, set dmesg to eight by entering the following::
dmesg -n 8
NOTE: This setting is not saved across reboots.
Jumbo Frames
------------
The driver supports Jumbo Frames for all adapters. Jumbo Frames support is
enabled by changing the MTU to a value larger than the default of 1500.
The maximum value for the MTU is 16114. Use the ip command to
increase the MTU size. For example::
ip li set dev ethx mtu 9000
The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 16114. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 16128.
Ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The ethtool
version 1.6 or later is required for this functionality.
The latest release of ethtool can be found from
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
NOTE:
The ethtool version 1.6 only supports a limited set of ethtool options.
Support for a more complete ethtool feature set can be enabled by
upgrading to the latest version.
NAPI
----
NAPI (Rx polling mode) is supported in the ixgb driver.
See https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/napi for more information on
NAPI.
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
NOTE:
After installing the driver, if your Intel Network Connection is not
working, verify in the "In This Release" section of the readme that you have
installed the correct driver.
Cable Interoperability Issue with Fujitsu XENPAK Module in SmartBits Chassis
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excessive CRC errors may be observed if the Intel(R) PRO/10GbE CX4
Server adapter is connected to a Fujitsu XENPAK CX4 module in a SmartBits
chassis using 15 m/24AWG cable assemblies manufactured by Fujitsu or Leoni.
The CRC errors may be received either by the Intel(R) PRO/10GbE CX4
Server adapter or the SmartBits. If this situation occurs using a different
cable assembly may resolve the issue.
Cable Interoperability Issues with HP Procurve 3400cl Switch Port
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Excessive CRC errors may be observed if the Intel(R) PRO/10GbE CX4 Server
adapter is connected to an HP Procurve 3400cl switch port using short cables
(1 m or shorter). If this situation occurs, using a longer cable may resolve
the issue.
Excessive CRC errors may be observed using Fujitsu 24AWG cable assemblies that
Are 10 m or longer or where using a Leoni 15 m/24AWG cable assembly. The CRC
errors may be received either by the CX4 Server adapter or at the switch. If
this situation occurs, using a different cable assembly may resolve the issue.
Jumbo Frames System Requirement
-------------------------------
Memory allocation failures have been observed on Linux systems with 64 MB
of RAM or less that are running Jumbo Frames. If you are using Jumbo
Frames, your system may require more than the advertised minimum
requirement of 64 MB of system memory.
Performance Degradation with Jumbo Frames
-----------------------------------------
Degradation in throughput performance may be observed in some Jumbo frames
environments. If this is observed, increasing the application's socket buffer
size and/or increasing the /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_*mem entry values may help.
See the specific application manual and /usr/src/linux*/Documentation/
networking/ip-sysctl.txt for more details.
Allocating Rx Buffers when Using Jumbo Frames
---------------------------------------------
Allocating Rx buffers when using Jumbo Frames on 2.6.x kernels may fail if
the available memory is heavily fragmented. This issue may be seen with PCI-X
adapters or with packet split disabled. This can be reduced or eliminated
by changing the amount of available memory for receive buffer allocation, by
increasing /proc/sys/vm/min_free_kbytes.
Multiple Interfaces on Same Ethernet Broadcast Network
------------------------------------------------------
Due to the default ARP behavior on Linux, it is not possible to have
one system on two IP networks in the same Ethernet broadcast domain
(non-partitioned switch) behave as expected. All Ethernet interfaces
will respond to IP traffic for any IP address assigned to the system.
This results in unbalanced receive traffic.
If you have multiple interfaces in a server, do either of the following:
- Turn on ARP filtering by entering::
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_filter
- Install the interfaces in separate broadcast domains - either in
different switches or in a switch partitioned to VLANs.
UDP Stress Test Dropped Packet Issue
--------------------------------------
Under small packets UDP stress test with 10GbE driver, the Linux system
may drop UDP packets due to the fullness of socket buffers. You may want
to change the driver's Flow Control variables to the minimum value for
controlling packet reception.
Tx Hangs Possible Under Stress
------------------------------
Under stress conditions, if TX hangs occur, turning off TSO
"ethtool -K eth0 tso off" may resolve the problem.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Driver for the Intel(R) Ethernet 10 Gigabit PCI Express Adapters
=============================================================================
Intel 10 Gigabit Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Command Line Parameters
- Additional Configurations
- Known Issues
- Support
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The driver is compatible with devices based on the following:
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 82598
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 82599
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X520
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X540
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller x550
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X552
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X553
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
SFP+ Devices with Pluggable Optics
----------------------------------
82599-BASED ADAPTERS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NOTES:
- If your 82599-based Intel(R) Network Adapter came with Intel optics or is an
Intel(R) Ethernet Server Adapter X520-2, then it only supports Intel optics
and/or the direct attach cables listed below.
- When 82599-based SFP+ devices are connected back to back, they should be set
to the same Speed setting via ethtool. Results may vary if you mix speed
settings.
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Supplier | Type | Part Numbers |
+===============+=======================================+==================+
| SR Modules |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ SR (bailed) | FTLX8571D3BCV-IT |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ SR (bailed) | AFBR-703SDZ-IN2 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ SR (bailed) | AFBR-703SDDZ-IN1 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| LR Modules |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ LR (bailed) | FTLX1471D3BCV-IT |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ LR (bailed) | AFCT-701SDZ-IN2 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ LR (bailed) | AFCT-701SDDZ-IN1 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
The following is a list of 3rd party SFP+ modules that have received some
testing. Not all modules are applicable to all devices.
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Supplier | Type | Part Numbers |
+===============+=======================================+==================+
| Finisar | SFP+ SR bailed, 10g single rate | FTLX8571D3BCL |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Avago | SFP+ SR bailed, 10g single rate | AFBR-700SDZ |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Finisar | SFP+ LR bailed, 10g single rate | FTLX1471D3BCL |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Finisar | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ SR (No Bail) | FTLX8571D3QCV-IT |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Avago | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ SR (No Bail) | AFBR-703SDZ-IN1 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Finisar | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ LR (No Bail) | FTLX1471D3QCV-IT |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Avago | DUAL RATE 1G/10G SFP+ LR (No Bail) | AFCT-701SDZ-IN1 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Finisar | 1000BASE-T SFP | FCLF8522P2BTL |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Avago | 1000BASE-T | ABCU-5710RZ |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| HP | 1000BASE-SX SFP | 453153-001 |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
82599-based adapters support all passive and active limiting direct attach
cables that comply with SFF-8431 v4.1 and SFF-8472 v10.4 specifications.
Laser turns off for SFP+ when ifconfig ethX down
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"ifconfig ethX down" turns off the laser for 82599-based SFP+ fiber adapters.
"ifconfig ethX up" turns on the laser.
Alternatively, you can use "ip link set [down/up] dev ethX" to turn the
laser off and on.
82599-based QSFP+ Adapters
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NOTES:
- If your 82599-based Intel(R) Network Adapter came with Intel optics, it only
supports Intel optics.
- 82599-based QSFP+ adapters only support 4x10 Gbps connections. 1x40 Gbps
connections are not supported. QSFP+ link partners must be configured for
4x10 Gbps.
- 82599-based QSFP+ adapters do not support automatic link speed detection.
The link speed must be configured to either 10 Gbps or 1 Gbps to match the link
partners speed capabilities. Incorrect speed configurations will result in
failure to link.
- Intel(R) Ethernet Converged Network Adapter X520-Q1 only supports the optics
and direct attach cables listed below.
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Supplier | Type | Part Numbers |
+===============+=======================================+==================+
| Intel | DUAL RATE 1G/10G QSFP+ SRL (bailed) | E10GQSFPSR |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
82599-based QSFP+ adapters support all passive and active limiting QSFP+
direct attach cables that comply with SFF-8436 v4.1 specifications.
82598-BASED ADAPTERS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NOTES:
- Intel(r) Ethernet Network Adapters that support removable optical modules
only support their original module type (for example, the Intel(R) 10 Gigabit
SR Dual Port Express Module only supports SR optical modules). If you plug in
a different type of module, the driver will not load.
- Hot Swapping/hot plugging optical modules is not supported.
- Only single speed, 10 gigabit modules are supported.
- LAN on Motherboard (LOMs) may support DA, SR, or LR modules. Other module
types are not supported. Please see your system documentation for details.
The following is a list of SFP+ modules and direct attach cables that have
received some testing. Not all modules are applicable to all devices.
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Supplier | Type | Part Numbers |
+===============+=======================================+==================+
| Finisar | SFP+ SR bailed, 10g single rate | FTLX8571D3BCL |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Avago | SFP+ SR bailed, 10g single rate | AFBR-700SDZ |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
| Finisar | SFP+ LR bailed, 10g single rate | FTLX1471D3BCL |
+---------------+---------------------------------------+------------------+
82598-based adapters support all passive direct attach cables that comply with
SFF-8431 v4.1 and SFF-8472 v10.4 specifications. Active direct attach cables
are not supported.
Third party optic modules and cables referred to above are listed only for the
purpose of highlighting third party specifications and potential
compatibility, and are not recommendations or endorsements or sponsorship of
any third party's product by Intel. Intel is not endorsing or promoting
products made by any third party and the third party reference is provided
only to share information regarding certain optic modules and cables with the
above specifications. There may be other manufacturers or suppliers, producing
or supplying optic modules and cables with similar or matching descriptions.
Customers must use their own discretion and diligence to purchase optic
modules and cables from any third party of their choice. Customers are solely
responsible for assessing the suitability of the product and/or devices and
for the selection of the vendor for purchasing any product. THE OPTIC MODULES
AND CABLES REFERRED TO ABOVE ARE NOT WARRANTED OR SUPPORTED BY INTEL. INTEL
ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF SUCH THIRD PARTY PRODUCTS OR
SELECTION OF VENDOR BY CUSTOMERS.
Command Line Parameters
=======================
max_vfs
-------
:Valid Range: 1-63
This parameter adds support for SR-IOV. It causes the driver to spawn up to
max_vfs worth of virtual functions.
If the value is greater than 0 it will also force the VMDq parameter to be 1 or
more.
NOTE: This parameter is only used on kernel 3.7.x and below. On kernel 3.8.x
and above, use sysfs to enable VFs. Also, for Red Hat distributions, this
parameter is only used on version 6.6 and older. For version 6.7 and newer, use
sysfs. For example::
#echo $num_vf_enabled > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs // enable VFs
#echo 0 > /sys/class/net/$dev/device/sriov_numvfs //disable VFs
The parameters for the driver are referenced by position. Thus, if you have a
dual port adapter, or more than one adapter in your system, and want N virtual
functions per port, you must specify a number for each port with each parameter
separated by a comma. For example::
modprobe ixgbe max_vfs=4
This will spawn 4 VFs on the first port.
::
modprobe ixgbe max_vfs=2,4
This will spawn 2 VFs on the first port and 4 VFs on the second port.
NOTE: Caution must be used in loading the driver with these parameters.
Depending on your system configuration, number of slots, etc., it is impossible
to predict in all cases where the positions would be on the command line.
NOTE: Neither the device nor the driver control how VFs are mapped into config
space. Bus layout will vary by operating system. On operating systems that
support it, you can check sysfs to find the mapping.
NOTE: When either SR-IOV mode or VMDq mode is enabled, hardware VLAN filtering
and VLAN tag stripping/insertion will remain enabled. Please remove the old
VLAN filter before the new VLAN filter is added. For example,
::
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 100 // set VLAN 100 for VF 0
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 0 // Delete VLAN 100
ip link set eth0 vf 0 vlan 200 // set a new VLAN 200 for VF 0
With kernel 3.6, the driver supports the simultaneous usage of max_vfs and DCB
features, subject to the constraints described below. Prior to kernel 3.6, the
driver did not support the simultaneous operation of max_vfs greater than 0 and
the DCB features (multiple traffic classes utilizing Priority Flow Control and
Extended Transmission Selection).
When DCB is enabled, network traffic is transmitted and received through
multiple traffic classes (packet buffers in the NIC). The traffic is associated
with a specific class based on priority, which has a value of 0 through 7 used
in the VLAN tag. When SR-IOV is not enabled, each traffic class is associated
with a set of receive/transmit descriptor queue pairs. The number of queue
pairs for a given traffic class depends on the hardware configuration. When
SR-IOV is enabled, the descriptor queue pairs are grouped into pools. The
Physical Function (PF) and each Virtual Function (VF) is allocated a pool of
receive/transmit descriptor queue pairs. When multiple traffic classes are
configured (for example, DCB is enabled), each pool contains a queue pair from
each traffic class. When a single traffic class is configured in the hardware,
the pools contain multiple queue pairs from the single traffic class.
The number of VFs that can be allocated depends on the number of traffic
classes that can be enabled. The configurable number of traffic classes for
each enabled VF is as follows:
0 - 15 VFs = Up to 8 traffic classes, depending on device support
16 - 31 VFs = Up to 4 traffic classes
32 - 63 VFs = 1 traffic class
When VFs are configured, the PF is allocated one pool as well. The PF supports
the DCB features with the constraint that each traffic class will only use a
single queue pair. When zero VFs are configured, the PF can support multiple
queue pairs per traffic class.
allow_unsupported_sfp
---------------------
:Valid Range: 0,1
:Default Value: 0 (disabled)
This parameter allows unsupported and untested SFP+ modules on 82599-based
adapters, as long as the type of module is known to the driver.
debug
-----
:Valid Range: 0-16 (0=none,...,16=all)
:Default Value: 0
This parameter adjusts the level of debug messages displayed in the system
logs.
Additional Features and Configurations
======================================
Flow Control
------------
Ethernet Flow Control (IEEE 802.3x) can be configured with ethtool to enable
receiving and transmitting pause frames for ixgbe. When transmit is enabled,
pause frames are generated when the receive packet buffer crosses a predefined
threshold. When receive is enabled, the transmit unit will halt for the time
delay specified when a pause frame is received.
NOTE: You must have a flow control capable link partner.
Flow Control is enabled by default.
Use ethtool to change the flow control settings. To enable or disable Rx or
Tx Flow Control::
ethtool -A eth? rx <on|off> tx <on|off>
Note: This command only enables or disables Flow Control if auto-negotiation is
disabled. If auto-negotiation is enabled, this command changes the parameters
used for auto-negotiation with the link partner.
To enable or disable auto-negotiation::
ethtool -s eth? autoneg <on|off>
Note: Flow Control auto-negotiation is part of link auto-negotiation. Depending
on your device, you may not be able to change the auto-negotiation setting.
NOTE: For 82598 backplane cards entering 1 gigabit mode, flow control default
behavior is changed to off. Flow control in 1 gigabit mode on these devices can
lead to transmit hangs.
Intel(R) Ethernet Flow Director
-------------------------------
The Intel Ethernet Flow Director performs the following tasks:
- Directs receive packets according to their flows to different queues.
- Enables tight control on routing a flow in the platform.
- Matches flows and CPU cores for flow affinity.
- Supports multiple parameters for flexible flow classification and load
balancing (in SFP mode only).
NOTE: Intel Ethernet Flow Director masking works in the opposite manner from
subnet masking. In the following command::
#ethtool -N eth11 flow-type ip4 src-ip 172.4.1.2 m 255.0.0.0 dst-ip \
172.21.1.1 m 255.128.0.0 action 31
The src-ip value that is written to the filter will be 0.4.1.2, not 172.0.0.0
as might be expected. Similarly, the dst-ip value written to the filter will be
0.21.1.1, not 172.0.0.0.
To enable or disable the Intel Ethernet Flow Director::
# ethtool -K ethX ntuple <on|off>
When disabling ntuple filters, all the user programmed filters are flushed from
the driver cache and hardware. All needed filters must be re-added when ntuple
is re-enabled.
To add a filter that directs packet to queue 2, use -U or -N switch::
# ethtool -N ethX flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.10.1 dst-ip \
192.168.10.2 src-port 2000 dst-port 2001 action 2 [loc 1]
To see the list of filters currently present::
# ethtool <-u|-n> ethX
Sideband Perfect Filters
------------------------
Sideband Perfect Filters are used to direct traffic that matches specified
characteristics. They are enabled through ethtool's ntuple interface. To add a
new filter use the following command::
ethtool -U <device> flow-type <type> src-ip <ip> dst-ip <ip> src-port <port> \
dst-port <port> action <queue>
Where:
<device> - the ethernet device to program
<type> - can be ip4, tcp4, udp4, or sctp4
<ip> - the IP address to match on
<port> - the port number to match on
<queue> - the queue to direct traffic towards (-1 discards the matched traffic)
Use the following command to delete a filter::
ethtool -U <device> delete <N>
Where <N> is the filter id displayed when printing all the active filters, and
may also have been specified using "loc <N>" when adding the filter.
The following example matches TCP traffic sent from 192.168.0.1, port 5300,
directed to 192.168.0.5, port 80, and sends it to queue 7::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type tcp4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 \
src-port 5300 dst-port 80 action 7
For each flow-type, the programmed filters must all have the same matching
input set. For example, issuing the following two commands is acceptable::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
Issuing the next two commands, however, is not acceptable, since the first
specifies src-ip and the second specifies dst-ip::
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 src-ip 192.168.0.1 src-port 5300 action 7
ethtool -U enp130s0 flow-type ip4 dst-ip 192.168.0.5 src-port 55 action 10
The second command will fail with an error. You may program multiple filters
with the same fields, using different values, but, on one device, you may not
program two TCP4 filters with different matching fields.
Matching on a sub-portion of a field is not supported by the ixgbe driver, thus
partial mask fields are not supported.
To create filters that direct traffic to a specific Virtual Function, use the
"user-def" parameter. Specify the user-def as a 64 bit value, where the lower 32
bits represents the queue number, while the next 8 bits represent which VF.
Note that 0 is the PF, so the VF identifier is offset by 1. For example::
... user-def 0x800000002 ...
specifies to direct traffic to Virtual Function 7 (8 minus 1) into queue 2 of
that VF.
Note that these filters will not break internal routing rules, and will not
route traffic that otherwise would not have been sent to the specified Virtual
Function.
Jumbo Frames
------------
Jumbo Frames support is enabled by changing the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
to a value larger than the default value of 1500.
Use the ifconfig command to increase the MTU size. For example, enter the
following where <x> is the interface number::
ifconfig eth<x> mtu 9000 up
Alternatively, you can use the ip command as follows::
ip link set mtu 9000 dev eth<x>
ip link set up dev eth<x>
This setting is not saved across reboots. The setting change can be made
permanent by adding 'MTU=9000' to the file::
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth<x> // for RHEL
/etc/sysconfig/network/<config_file> // for SLES
NOTE: The maximum MTU setting for Jumbo Frames is 9710. This value coincides
with the maximum Jumbo Frames size of 9728 bytes.
NOTE: This driver will attempt to use multiple page sized buffers to receive
each jumbo packet. This should help to avoid buffer starvation issues when
allocating receive packets.
NOTE: For 82599-based network connections, if you are enabling jumbo frames in
a virtual function (VF), jumbo frames must first be enabled in the physical
function (PF). The VF MTU setting cannot be larger than the PF MTU.
Generic Receive Offload, aka GRO
--------------------------------
The driver supports the in-kernel software implementation of GRO. GRO has
shown that by coalescing Rx traffic into larger chunks of data, CPU
utilization can be significantly reduced when under large Rx load. GRO is an
evolution of the previously-used LRO interface. GRO is able to coalesce
other protocols besides TCP. It's also safe to use with configurations that
are problematic for LRO, namely bridging and iSCSI.
Data Center Bridging (DCB)
--------------------------
NOTE:
The kernel assumes that TC0 is available, and will disable Priority Flow
Control (PFC) on the device if TC0 is not available. To fix this, ensure TC0 is
enabled when setting up DCB on your switch.
DCB is a configuration Quality of Service implementation in hardware. It uses
the VLAN priority tag (802.1p) to filter traffic. That means that there are 8
different priorities that traffic can be filtered into. It also enables
priority flow control (802.1Qbb) which can limit or eliminate the number of
dropped packets during network stress. Bandwidth can be allocated to each of
these priorities, which is enforced at the hardware level (802.1Qaz).
Adapter firmware implements LLDP and DCBX protocol agents as per 802.1AB and
802.1Qaz respectively. The firmware based DCBX agent runs in willing mode only
and can accept settings from a DCBX capable peer. Software configuration of
DCBX parameters via dcbtool/lldptool are not supported.
The ixgbe driver implements the DCB netlink interface layer to allow user-space
to communicate with the driver and query DCB configuration for the port.
ethtool
-------
The driver utilizes the ethtool interface for driver configuration and
diagnostics, as well as displaying statistical information. The latest ethtool
version is required for this functionality. Download it at:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/ethtool/
FCoE
----
The ixgbe driver supports Fiber Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and Data Center
Bridging (DCB). This code has no default effect on the regular driver
operation. Configuring DCB and FCoE is outside the scope of this README. Refer
to http://www.open-fcoe.org/ for FCoE project information and contact
ixgbe-eedc@lists.sourceforge.net for DCB information.
MAC and VLAN anti-spoofing feature
----------------------------------
When a malicious driver attempts to send a spoofed packet, it is dropped by the
hardware and not transmitted.
An interrupt is sent to the PF driver notifying it of the spoof attempt. When a
spoofed packet is detected, the PF driver will send the following message to
the system log (displayed by the "dmesg" command)::
ixgbe ethX: ixgbe_spoof_check: n spoofed packets detected
where "x" is the PF interface number; and "n" is number of spoofed packets.
NOTE: This feature can be disabled for a specific Virtual Function (VF)::
ip link set <pf dev> vf <vf id> spoofchk {off|on}
IPsec Offload
-------------
The ixgbe driver supports IPsec Hardware Offload. When creating Security
Associations with "ip xfrm ..." the 'offload' tag option can be used to
register the IPsec SA with the driver in order to get higher throughput in
the secure communications.
The offload is also supported for ixgbe's VFs, but the VF must be set as
'trusted' and the support must be enabled with::
ethtool --set-priv-flags eth<x> vf-ipsec on
ip link set eth<x> vf <y> trust on
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
Enabling SR-IOV in a 64-bit Microsoft* Windows Server* 2012/R2 guest OS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Linux KVM Hypervisor/VMM supports direct assignment of a PCIe device to a VM.
This includes traditional PCIe devices, as well as SR-IOV-capable devices based
on the Intel Ethernet Controller XL710.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.

66
Documentation/networking/device_drivers/intel/ixgbevf.rst Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
Linux* Base Virtual Function Driver for Intel(R) 10G Ethernet
=============================================================
Intel 10 Gigabit Virtual Function Linux driver.
Copyright(c) 1999-2018 Intel Corporation.
Contents
========
- Identifying Your Adapter
- Known Issues
- Support
This driver supports 82599, X540, X550, and X552-based virtual function devices
that can only be activated on kernels that support SR-IOV.
For questions related to hardware requirements, refer to the documentation
supplied with your Intel adapter. All hardware requirements listed apply to use
with Linux.
Identifying Your Adapter
========================
The driver is compatible with devices based on the following:
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 82598
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller 82599
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X520
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X540
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller x550
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X552
* Intel(R) Ethernet Controller X553
For information on how to identify your adapter, and for the latest Intel
network drivers, refer to the Intel Support website:
https://www.intel.com/support
Known Issues/Troubleshooting
============================
SR-IOV requires the correct platform and OS support.
The guest OS loading this driver must support MSI-X interrupts.
This driver is only supported as a loadable module at this time. Intel is not
supplying patches against the kernel source to allow for static linking of the
drivers.
VLANs: There is a limit of a total of 64 shared VLANs to 1 or more VFs.
Support
=======
For general information, go to the Intel support website at:
https://www.intel.com/support/
or the Intel Wired Networking project hosted by Sourceforge at:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/e1000
If an issue is identified with the released source code on a supported kernel
with a supported adapter, email the specific information related to the issue
to e1000-devel@lists.sf.net.