Merge branch 'doc-tweaks' into docs-next
The creation of the admin and process guides is a great thing, but, without care, we risk replacing a messy docs directory with a few messy Sphinx books. In an attempt to head that off and show what I'm thinking, here's a set of tweaks that, I think, make the existing Sphinx-formatted docs a bit more accessible.
Tento commit je obsažen v:
Jonathan Corbet
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
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How to deal with bad memory e.g. reported by memtest86+ ?
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=========================================================
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March 2008
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Jan-Simon Moeller, dl9pf@gmx.de
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There are three possibilities I know of:
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1) Reinsert/swap the memory modules
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2) Buy new modules (best!) or try to exchange the memory
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if you have spare-parts
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3) Use BadRAM or memmap
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This Howto is about number 3) .
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BadRAM
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######
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BadRAM is the actively developed and available as kernel-patch
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here: http://rick.vanrein.org/linux/badram/
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For more details see the BadRAM documentation.
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memmap
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######
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memmap is already in the kernel and usable as kernel-parameter at
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boot-time. Its syntax is slightly strange and you may need to
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calculate the values by yourself!
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Syntax to exclude a memory area (see admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst for details)::
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memmap=<size>$<address>
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Example: memtest86+ reported here errors at address 0x18691458, 0x18698424 and
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some others. All had 0x1869xxxx in common, so I chose a pattern of
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0x18690000,0xffff0000.
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With the numbers of the example above::
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memmap=64K$0x18690000
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or::
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memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
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@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
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Basic kernel profiling
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======================
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These instructions are deliberately very basic. If you want something clever,
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go read the real docs ;-)
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Please don't add more stuff, but feel free to
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correct my mistakes ;-) (mbligh@aracnet.com)
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Thanks to John Levon, Dave Hansen, et al. for help writing this.
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``<test>`` is the thing you're trying to measure.
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Make sure you have the correct ``System.map`` / ``vmlinux`` referenced!
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It is probably easiest to use ``make install`` for linux and hack
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``/sbin/installkernel`` to copy ``vmlinux`` to ``/boot``, in addition to
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``vmlinuz``, ``config``, ``System.map``, which are usually installed by default.
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Readprofile
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-----------
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A recent ``readprofile`` command is needed for 2.6, such as found in util-linux
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2.12a, which can be downloaded from:
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http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/
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Most distributions will ship it already.
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Add ``profile=2`` to the kernel command line.
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Some ``readprofile`` commands::
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clear readprofile -r
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<test>
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dump output readprofile -m /boot/System.map > captured_profile
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Oprofile
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--------
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Get the source (see Changes for required version) from
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http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/ and add ``idle=poll`` to the kernel command
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line.
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Configure with ``CONFIG_PROFILING=y`` and ``CONFIG_OPROFILE=y`` & reboot on new kernel::
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./configure --with-kernel-support
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make install
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For superior results, be sure to enable the local APIC. If opreport sees
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a 0Hz CPU, APIC was not on. Be aware that idle=poll may mean a performance
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penalty.
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One time setup::
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opcontrol --setup --vmlinux=/boot/vmlinux
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Some ``opcontrol`` commands::
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clear opcontrol --reset
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start opcontrol --start
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<test>
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stop opcontrol --stop
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dump output opreport > output_file
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To only report on the kernel, run ``opreport -l /boot/vmlinux > output_file``
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A reset is needed to clear old statistics, which survive a reboot.
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@@ -1,22 +1,52 @@
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Linux Kernel User's Documentation
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=================================
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The Linux kernel user's and administrator's guide
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=================================================
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Contents:
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The following is a collection of user-oriented documents that have been
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added to the kernel over time. There is, as yet, little overall order or
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organization here — this material was not written to be a single, coherent
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document! With luck things will improve quickly over time.
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This initial section contains overall information, including the README
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file describing the kernel as a whole, documentation on kernel parameters,
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etc.
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 2
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:numbered:
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:maxdepth: 1
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README
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kernel-parameters
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devices
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Here is a set of documents aimed at users who are trying to track down
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problems and bugs in particular.
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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reporting-bugs
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security-bugs
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bug-hunting
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oops-tracing
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ramoops
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initrd
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init
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dynamic-debug-howto
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security-bugs
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kernel-parameters
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init
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This is the beginning of a section with information of interest to
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application developers. Documents covering various aspects of the kernel
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ABI will be found here.
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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sysfs-rules
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The rest of this manual consists of various unordered guides on how to
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configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking.
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.. toctree::
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:maxdepth: 1
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initrd
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serial-console
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braille-console
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parport
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@@ -25,13 +55,9 @@ Contents:
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sysrq
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unicode
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vga-softcursor
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sysfs-rules
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devices
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binfmt-misc
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mono
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java
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bad-memory
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basic-profiling
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.. only:: subproject and html
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@@ -39,4 +65,3 @@ Contents:
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=======
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* :ref:`genindex`
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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Kernel Parameters
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The kernel's command-line parameters
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====================================
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The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as
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implemented by the __setup(), core_param() and module_param() macros
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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Rules on how to access information in the Linux kernel sysfs
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============================================================
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Rules on how to access information in sysfs
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===========================================
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The kernel-exported sysfs exports internal kernel implementation details
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and depends on internal kernel structures and layout. It is agreed upon
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@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ third parameter
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.. [#f1] see ``#define TRIDENT_GLITCH`` in ``drivers/video/vgacon.c``.
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Examples:
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=========
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Examples
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--------
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To get normal blinking underline, use::
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