Merge tag 'docs-5.5a' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull Documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
"Here are the main documentation changes for 5.5:
- Various kerneldoc script enhancements.
- More RST conversions; those are slowing down as we run out of
things to convert, but we're a ways from done still.
- Dan's "maintainer profile entry" work landed at last. Now we just
need to get maintainers to fill in the profiles...
- A reworking of the parallel build setup to work better with a
variety of systems (and to not take over huge systems entirely in
particular).
- The MAINTAINERS file is now converted to RST during the build.
Hopefully nobody ever tries to print this thing, or they will need
to load a lot of paper.
- A script and documentation making it easy for maintainers to add
Link: tags at commit time.
Also included is the removal of a bunch of spurious CR characters"
* tag 'docs-5.5a' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (91 commits)
docs: remove a bunch of stray CRs
docs: fix up the maintainer profile document
libnvdimm, MAINTAINERS: Maintainer Entry Profile
Maintainer Handbook: Maintainer Entry Profile
MAINTAINERS: Reclaim the P: tag for Maintainer Entry Profile
docs, parallelism: Rearrange how jobserver reservations are made
docs, parallelism: Do not leak blocking mode to other readers
docs, parallelism: Fix failure path and add comment
Documentation: Remove bootmem_debug from kernel-parameters.txt
Documentation: security: core.rst: fix warnings
Documentation/process/howto/kokr: Update for 4.x -> 5.x versioning
Documentation/translation: Use Korean for Korean translation title
docs/memory-barriers.txt: Remove remaining references to mmiowb()
docs/memory-barriers.txt/kokr: Update I/O section to be clearer about CPU vs thread
docs/memory-barriers.txt/kokr: Fix style, spacing and grammar in I/O section
Documentation/kokr: Kill all references to mmiowb()
docs/memory-barriers.txt/kokr: Rewrite "KERNEL I/O BARRIER EFFECTS" section
docs: Add initial documentation for devfreq
Documentation: Document how to get links with git am
docs: Add request_irq() documentation
...
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ setid capabilities from the application completely and refactor the process
|
||||
spawning semantics in the application (e.g. by using a privileged helper program
|
||||
to do process spawning and UID/GID transitions). Unfortunately, there are a
|
||||
number of semantics around process spawning that would be affected by this, such
|
||||
as fork() calls where the program doesn???t immediately call exec() after the
|
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as fork() calls where the program doesn't immediately call exec() after the
|
||||
fork(), parent processes specifying custom environment variables or command line
|
||||
args for spawned child processes, or inheritance of file handles across a
|
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fork()/exec(). Because of this, as solution that uses a privileged helper in
|
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@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ own user namespace, and only approved UIDs/GIDs could be mapped back to the
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initial system user namespace, affectively preventing privilege escalation.
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Unfortunately, it is not generally feasible to use user namespaces in isolation,
|
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without pairing them with other namespace types, which is not always an option.
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Linux checks for capabilities based off of the user namespace that ???owns??? some
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Linux checks for capabilities based off of the user namespace that "owns" some
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entity. For example, Linux has the notion that network namespaces are owned by
|
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the user namespace in which they were created. A consequence of this is that
|
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capability checks for access to a given network namespace are done by checking
|
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@@ -1120,8 +1120,9 @@ PAGE_SIZE multiple when read back.
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Best-effort memory protection. If the memory usage of a
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cgroup is within its effective low boundary, the cgroup's
|
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memory won't be reclaimed unless memory can be reclaimed
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from unprotected cgroups. Above the effective low boundary (or
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memory won't be reclaimed unless there is no reclaimable
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memory available in unprotected cgroups.
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Above the effective low boundary (or
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effective min boundary if it is higher), pages are reclaimed
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proportionally to the overage, reducing reclaim pressure for
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smaller overages.
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@@ -1925,7 +1926,7 @@ Cpuset Interface Files
|
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It accepts only the following input values when written to.
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"root" - a paritition root
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"root" - a partition root
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"member" - a non-root member of a partition
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When set to be a partition root, the current cgroup is the
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128
Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst
Normal file
128
Documentation/admin-guide/dell_rbu.rst
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
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=========================================
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Dell Remote BIOS Update driver (dell_rbu)
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=========================================
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Purpose
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=======
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Document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver
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for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops.
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Scope
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=====
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This document discusses the functionality of the rbu driver only.
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It does not cover the support needed from applications to enable the BIOS to
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update itself with the image downloaded in to the memory.
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Overview
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========
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This driver works with Dell OpenManage or Dell Update Packages for updating
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the BIOS on Dell servers (starting from servers sold since 1999), desktops
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and notebooks (starting from those sold in 2005).
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Please go to http://support.dell.com register and you can find info on
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OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP).
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Libsmbios can also be used to update BIOS on Dell systems go to
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http://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details.
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Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monolithic image and packetized
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image methods. In case of monolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
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of physical pages having the BIOS image. In case of packetized the app
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using the driver breaks the image in to packets of fixed sizes and the driver
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would place each packet in contiguous physical memory. The driver also
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maintains a link list of packets for reading them back.
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If the dell_rbu driver is unloaded all the allocated memory is freed.
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The rbu driver needs to have an application (as mentioned above) which will
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inform the BIOS to enable the update in the next system reboot.
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The user should not unload the rbu driver after downloading the BIOS image
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or updating.
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The driver load creates the following directories under the /sys file system::
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/sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
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/sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
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/sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
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/sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data
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/sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
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|
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The driver supports two types of update mechanism; monolithic and packetized.
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These update mechanism depends upon the BIOS currently running on the system.
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Most of the Dell systems support a monolithic update where the BIOS image is
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copied to a single contiguous block of physical memory.
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In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chunks
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of contiguous memory and the BIOS image is scattered in these packets.
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By default the driver uses monolithic memory for the update type. This can be
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changed to packets during the driver load time by specifying the load
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parameter image_type=packet. This can also be changed later as below::
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echo packet > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
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|
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In packet update mode the packet size has to be given before any packets can
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be downloaded. It is done as below::
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echo XXXX > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
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|
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In the packet update mechanism, the user needs to create a new file having
|
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packets of data arranged back to back. It can be done as follows:
|
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The user creates packets header, gets the chunk of the BIOS image and
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||||
places it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk
|
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added together should match the specified packet_size. This makes one
|
||||
packet, the user needs to create more such packets out of the entire BIOS
|
||||
image file and then arrange all these packets back to back in to one single
|
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file.
|
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|
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This file is then copied to /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data.
|
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Once this file gets to the driver, the driver extracts packet_size data from
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the file and spreads it across the physical memory in contiguous packet_sized
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||||
space.
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This method makes sure that all the packets get to the driver in a single operation.
|
||||
|
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In monolithic update the user simply get the BIOS image (.hdr file) and copies
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to the data file as is without any change to the BIOS image itself.
|
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|
||||
Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
|
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||||
1) echo 1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
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2) cp bios_image.hdr /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
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||||
3) echo 0 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
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||||
|
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The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
|
||||
done.
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||||
|
||||
::
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||||
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echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
|
||||
|
||||
Until this step is completed the driver cannot be unloaded.
|
||||
|
||||
Also echoing either mono, packet or init in to image_type will free up the
|
||||
memory allocated by the driver.
|
||||
|
||||
If a user by accident executes steps 1 and 3 above without executing step 2;
|
||||
it will make the /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries disappear.
|
||||
|
||||
The entries can be recreated by doing the following::
|
||||
|
||||
echo init > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: echoing init in image_type does not change its original value.
|
||||
|
||||
Also the driver provides /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data readonly file to
|
||||
read back the image downloaded.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
After updating the BIOS image a user mode application needs to execute
|
||||
code which sends the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
|
||||
the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates itself.
|
||||
Also don't unload the rbu driver if the image has to be updated.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -31,218 +31,233 @@ configured "bad blocks" will be treated as bad, or bypassed.
|
||||
This allows the pre-writing of test data and metadata prior to
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simulating a "failure" event where bad sectors start to appear.
|
||||
|
||||
Table parameters:
|
||||
-----------------
|
||||
Table parameters
|
||||
----------------
|
||||
<device_path> <offset> <blksz>
|
||||
|
||||
Mandatory parameters:
|
||||
<device_path>: path to the block device.
|
||||
<offset>: offset to data area from start of device_path
|
||||
<blksz>: block size in bytes
|
||||
<device_path>:
|
||||
Path to the block device.
|
||||
|
||||
<offset>:
|
||||
Offset to data area from start of device_path
|
||||
|
||||
<blksz>:
|
||||
Block size in bytes
|
||||
|
||||
(minimum 512, maximum 1073741824, must be a power of 2)
|
||||
|
||||
Usage instructions:
|
||||
-------------------
|
||||
Usage instructions
|
||||
------------------
|
||||
|
||||
First, find the size (in 512-byte sectors) of the device to be used:
|
||||
First, find the size (in 512-byte sectors) of the device to be used::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo blockdev --getsz /dev/vdb1
|
||||
33552384
|
||||
$ sudo blockdev --getsz /dev/vdb1
|
||||
33552384
|
||||
|
||||
Create the dm-dust device:
|
||||
(For a device with a block size of 512 bytes)
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup create dust1 --table '0 33552384 dust /dev/vdb1 0 512'
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup create dust1 --table '0 33552384 dust /dev/vdb1 0 512'
|
||||
|
||||
(For a device with a block size of 4096 bytes)
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup create dust1 --table '0 33552384 dust /dev/vdb1 0 4096'
|
||||
|
||||
::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup create dust1 --table '0 33552384 dust /dev/vdb1 0 4096'
|
||||
|
||||
Check the status of the read behavior ("bypass" indicates that all I/O
|
||||
will be passed through to the underlying device):
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 bypass
|
||||
will be passed through to the underlying device)::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/dust1 of=/dev/null bs=512 count=128 iflag=direct
|
||||
128+0 records in
|
||||
128+0 records out
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 bypass
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/dust1 bs=512 count=128 oflag=direct
|
||||
128+0 records in
|
||||
128+0 records out
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/dust1 of=/dev/null bs=512 count=128 iflag=direct
|
||||
128+0 records in
|
||||
128+0 records out
|
||||
|
||||
Adding and removing bad blocks:
|
||||
-------------------------------
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/dust1 bs=512 count=128 oflag=direct
|
||||
128+0 records in
|
||||
128+0 records out
|
||||
|
||||
Adding and removing bad blocks
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
At any time (i.e.: whether the device has the "bad block" emulation
|
||||
enabled or disabled), bad blocks may be added or removed from the
|
||||
device via the "addbadblock" and "removebadblock" messages:
|
||||
device via the "addbadblock" and "removebadblock" messages::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 60
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 60
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 60
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 60
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 67
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 67
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 67
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 67
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 72
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 72
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 72
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: badblock added at block 72
|
||||
|
||||
These bad blocks will be stored in the "bad block list".
|
||||
While the device is in "bypass" mode, reads and writes will succeed:
|
||||
While the device is in "bypass" mode, reads and writes will succeed::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 bypass
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 bypass
|
||||
|
||||
Enabling block read failures:
|
||||
-----------------------------
|
||||
Enabling block read failures
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To enable the "fail read on bad block" behavior, send the "enable" message:
|
||||
To enable the "fail read on bad block" behavior, send the "enable" message::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 enable
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: enabling read failures on bad sectors
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 enable
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: enabling read failures on bad sectors
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block
|
||||
|
||||
With the device in "fail read on bad block" mode, attempting to read a
|
||||
block will encounter an "Input/output error":
|
||||
block will encounter an "Input/output error"::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/dust1 of=/dev/null bs=512 count=1 skip=67 iflag=direct
|
||||
dd: error reading '/dev/mapper/dust1': Input/output error
|
||||
0+0 records in
|
||||
0+0 records out
|
||||
0 bytes copied, 0.00040651 s, 0.0 kB/s
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/mapper/dust1 of=/dev/null bs=512 count=1 skip=67 iflag=direct
|
||||
dd: error reading '/dev/mapper/dust1': Input/output error
|
||||
0+0 records in
|
||||
0+0 records out
|
||||
0 bytes copied, 0.00040651 s, 0.0 kB/s
|
||||
|
||||
...and writing to the bad blocks will remove the blocks from the list,
|
||||
therefore emulating the "remap" behavior of hard disk drives:
|
||||
therefore emulating the "remap" behavior of hard disk drives::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/dust1 bs=512 count=128 oflag=direct
|
||||
128+0 records in
|
||||
128+0 records out
|
||||
$ sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mapper/dust1 bs=512 count=128 oflag=direct
|
||||
128+0 records in
|
||||
128+0 records out
|
||||
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 60 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 67 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 72 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 87 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 60 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 67 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 72 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 87 removed from badblocklist by write
|
||||
|
||||
Bad block add/remove error handling:
|
||||
------------------------------------
|
||||
Bad block add/remove error handling
|
||||
-----------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Attempting to add a bad block that already exists in the list will
|
||||
result in an "Invalid argument" error, as well as a helpful message:
|
||||
result in an "Invalid argument" error, as well as a helpful message::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 88
|
||||
device-mapper: message ioctl on dust1 failed: Invalid argument
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 88 already in badblocklist
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 addbadblock 88
|
||||
device-mapper: message ioctl on dust1 failed: Invalid argument
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 88 already in badblocklist
|
||||
|
||||
Attempting to remove a bad block that doesn't exist in the list will
|
||||
result in an "Invalid argument" error, as well as a helpful message:
|
||||
result in an "Invalid argument" error, as well as a helpful message::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 removebadblock 87
|
||||
device-mapper: message ioctl on dust1 failed: Invalid argument
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 87 not found in badblocklist
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 removebadblock 87
|
||||
device-mapper: message ioctl on dust1 failed: Invalid argument
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: block 87 not found in badblocklist
|
||||
|
||||
Counting the number of bad blocks in the bad block list:
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
Counting the number of bad blocks in the bad block list
|
||||
-------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To count the number of bad blocks configured in the device, run the
|
||||
following message command:
|
||||
following message command::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 countbadblocks
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 countbadblocks
|
||||
|
||||
A message will print with the number of bad blocks currently
|
||||
configured on the device:
|
||||
configured on the device::
|
||||
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: countbadblocks: 895 badblock(s) found
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: countbadblocks: 895 badblock(s) found
|
||||
|
||||
Querying for specific bad blocks:
|
||||
---------------------------------
|
||||
Querying for specific bad blocks
|
||||
--------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To find out if a specific block is in the bad block list, run the
|
||||
following message command:
|
||||
following message command::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 queryblock 72
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 queryblock 72
|
||||
|
||||
The following message will print if the block is in the list:
|
||||
device-mapper: dust: queryblock: block 72 found in badblocklist
|
||||
The following message will print if the block is in the list::
|
||||
|
||||
The following message will print if the block is in the list:
|
||||
device-mapper: dust: queryblock: block 72 not found in badblocklist
|
||||
device-mapper: dust: queryblock: block 72 found in badblocklist
|
||||
|
||||
The following message will print if the block is not in the list::
|
||||
|
||||
device-mapper: dust: queryblock: block 72 not found in badblocklist
|
||||
|
||||
The "queryblock" message command will work in both the "enabled"
|
||||
and "disabled" modes, allowing the verification of whether a block
|
||||
will be treated as "bad" without having to issue I/O to the device,
|
||||
or having to "enable" the bad block emulation.
|
||||
|
||||
Clearing the bad block list:
|
||||
----------------------------
|
||||
Clearing the bad block list
|
||||
---------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
To clear the bad block list (without needing to individually run
|
||||
a "removebadblock" message command for every block), run the
|
||||
following message command:
|
||||
following message command::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 clearbadblocks
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 clearbadblocks
|
||||
|
||||
After clearing the bad block list, the following message will appear:
|
||||
After clearing the bad block list, the following message will appear::
|
||||
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: clearbadblocks: badblocks cleared
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: clearbadblocks: badblocks cleared
|
||||
|
||||
If there were no bad blocks to clear, the following message will
|
||||
appear:
|
||||
appear::
|
||||
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: clearbadblocks: no badblocks found
|
||||
kernel: device-mapper: dust: clearbadblocks: no badblocks found
|
||||
|
||||
Message commands list:
|
||||
----------------------
|
||||
Message commands list
|
||||
---------------------
|
||||
|
||||
Below is a list of the messages that can be sent to a dust device:
|
||||
|
||||
Operations on blocks (requires a <blknum> argument):
|
||||
Operations on blocks (requires a <blknum> argument)::
|
||||
|
||||
addbadblock <blknum>
|
||||
queryblock <blknum>
|
||||
removebadblock <blknum>
|
||||
addbadblock <blknum>
|
||||
queryblock <blknum>
|
||||
removebadblock <blknum>
|
||||
|
||||
...where <blknum> is a block number within range of the device
|
||||
(corresponding to the block size of the device.)
|
||||
(corresponding to the block size of the device.)
|
||||
|
||||
Single argument message commands:
|
||||
Single argument message commands::
|
||||
|
||||
countbadblocks
|
||||
clearbadblocks
|
||||
disable
|
||||
enable
|
||||
quiet
|
||||
countbadblocks
|
||||
clearbadblocks
|
||||
disable
|
||||
enable
|
||||
quiet
|
||||
|
||||
Device removal:
|
||||
---------------
|
||||
Device removal
|
||||
--------------
|
||||
|
||||
When finished, remove the device via the "dmsetup remove" command:
|
||||
When finished, remove the device via the "dmsetup remove" command::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup remove dust1
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup remove dust1
|
||||
|
||||
Quiet mode:
|
||||
-----------
|
||||
Quiet mode
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
On test runs with many bad blocks, it may be desirable to avoid
|
||||
excessive logging (from bad blocks added, removed, or "remapped").
|
||||
This can be done by enabling "quiet mode" via the following message:
|
||||
This can be done by enabling "quiet mode" via the following message::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 quiet
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 quiet
|
||||
|
||||
This will suppress log messages from add / remove / removed by write
|
||||
operations. Log messages from "countbadblocks" or "queryblock"
|
||||
message commands will still print in quiet mode.
|
||||
|
||||
The status of quiet mode can be seen by running "dmsetup status":
|
||||
The status of quiet mode can be seen by running "dmsetup status"::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block quiet
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block quiet
|
||||
|
||||
To disable quiet mode, send the "quiet" message again:
|
||||
To disable quiet mode, send the "quiet" message again::
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 quiet
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup message dust1 0 quiet
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block verbose
|
||||
$ sudo dmsetup status dust1
|
||||
0 33552384 dust 252:17 fail_read_on_bad_block verbose
|
||||
|
||||
(The presence of "verbose" indicates normal logging.)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Device Mapper
|
||||
cache
|
||||
delay
|
||||
dm-crypt
|
||||
dm-dust
|
||||
dm-flakey
|
||||
dm-init
|
||||
dm-integrity
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -57,60 +57,61 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking.
|
||||
.. toctree::
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
initrd
|
||||
cgroup-v2
|
||||
cgroup-v1/index
|
||||
serial-console
|
||||
braille-console
|
||||
parport
|
||||
md
|
||||
module-signing
|
||||
rapidio
|
||||
sysrq
|
||||
unicode
|
||||
vga-softcursor
|
||||
binfmt-misc
|
||||
mono
|
||||
java
|
||||
ras
|
||||
bcache
|
||||
blockdev/index
|
||||
ext4
|
||||
binderfs
|
||||
cifs/index
|
||||
xfs
|
||||
jfs
|
||||
ufs
|
||||
pm/index
|
||||
thunderbolt
|
||||
LSM/index
|
||||
mm/index
|
||||
namespaces/index
|
||||
perf-security
|
||||
acpi/index
|
||||
aoe/index
|
||||
auxdisplay/index
|
||||
bcache
|
||||
binderfs
|
||||
binfmt-misc
|
||||
blockdev/index
|
||||
braille-console
|
||||
btmrvl
|
||||
cgroup-v1/index
|
||||
cgroup-v2
|
||||
cifs/index
|
||||
clearing-warn-once
|
||||
cpu-load
|
||||
cputopology
|
||||
dell_rbu
|
||||
device-mapper/index
|
||||
efi-stub
|
||||
ext4
|
||||
gpio/index
|
||||
highuid
|
||||
hw_random
|
||||
initrd
|
||||
iostats
|
||||
java
|
||||
jfs
|
||||
kernel-per-CPU-kthreads
|
||||
laptops/index
|
||||
auxdisplay/index
|
||||
lcd-panel-cgram
|
||||
ldm
|
||||
lockup-watchdogs
|
||||
LSM/index
|
||||
md
|
||||
mm/index
|
||||
module-signing
|
||||
mono
|
||||
namespaces/index
|
||||
numastat
|
||||
parport
|
||||
perf-security
|
||||
pm/index
|
||||
pnp
|
||||
rapidio
|
||||
ras
|
||||
rtc
|
||||
serial-console
|
||||
svga
|
||||
wimax/index
|
||||
sysrq
|
||||
thunderbolt
|
||||
ufs
|
||||
unicode
|
||||
vga-softcursor
|
||||
video-output
|
||||
wimax/index
|
||||
xfs
|
||||
|
||||
.. only:: subproject and html
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -46,78 +46,79 @@ each snapshot of your disk statistics.
|
||||
In 2.4, the statistics fields are those after the device name. In
|
||||
the above example, the first field of statistics would be 446216.
|
||||
By contrast, in 2.6+ if you look at ``/sys/block/hda/stat``, you'll
|
||||
find just the eleven fields, beginning with 446216. If you look at
|
||||
``/proc/diskstats``, the eleven fields will be preceded by the major and
|
||||
find just the 15 fields, beginning with 446216. If you look at
|
||||
``/proc/diskstats``, the 15 fields will be preceded by the major and
|
||||
minor device numbers, and device name. Each of these formats provides
|
||||
eleven fields of statistics, each meaning exactly the same things.
|
||||
15 fields of statistics, each meaning exactly the same things.
|
||||
All fields except field 9 are cumulative since boot. Field 9 should
|
||||
go to zero as I/Os complete; all others only increase (unless they
|
||||
overflow and wrap). Yes, these are (32-bit or 64-bit) unsigned long
|
||||
(native word size) numbers, and on a very busy or long-lived system they
|
||||
may wrap. Applications should be prepared to deal with that; unless
|
||||
your observations are measured in large numbers of minutes or hours,
|
||||
they should not wrap twice before you notice them.
|
||||
overflow and wrap). Wrapping might eventually occur on a very busy
|
||||
or long-lived system; so applications should be prepared to deal with
|
||||
it. Regarding wrapping, the types of the fields are either unsigned
|
||||
int (32 bit) or unsigned long (32-bit or 64-bit, depending on your
|
||||
machine) as noted per-field below. Unless your observations are very
|
||||
spread in time, these fields should not wrap twice before you notice it.
|
||||
|
||||
Each set of stats only applies to the indicated device; if you want
|
||||
system-wide stats you'll have to find all the devices and sum them all up.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 1 -- # of reads completed
|
||||
Field 1 -- # of reads completed (unsigned long)
|
||||
This is the total number of reads completed successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 2 -- # of reads merged, field 6 -- # of writes merged
|
||||
Field 2 -- # of reads merged, field 6 -- # of writes merged (unsigned long)
|
||||
Reads and writes which are adjacent to each other may be merged for
|
||||
efficiency. Thus two 4K reads may become one 8K read before it is
|
||||
ultimately handed to the disk, and so it will be counted (and queued)
|
||||
as only one I/O. This field lets you know how often this was done.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 3 -- # of sectors read
|
||||
Field 3 -- # of sectors read (unsigned long)
|
||||
This is the total number of sectors read successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 4 -- # of milliseconds spent reading
|
||||
Field 4 -- # of milliseconds spent reading (unsigned int)
|
||||
This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all reads (as
|
||||
measured from __make_request() to end_that_request_last()).
|
||||
|
||||
Field 5 -- # of writes completed
|
||||
Field 5 -- # of writes completed (unsigned long)
|
||||
This is the total number of writes completed successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 6 -- # of writes merged
|
||||
Field 6 -- # of writes merged (unsigned long)
|
||||
See the description of field 2.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 7 -- # of sectors written
|
||||
Field 7 -- # of sectors written (unsigned long)
|
||||
This is the total number of sectors written successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 8 -- # of milliseconds spent writing
|
||||
Field 8 -- # of milliseconds spent writing (unsigned int)
|
||||
This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all writes (as
|
||||
measured from __make_request() to end_that_request_last()).
|
||||
|
||||
Field 9 -- # of I/Os currently in progress
|
||||
Field 9 -- # of I/Os currently in progress (unsigned int)
|
||||
The only field that should go to zero. Incremented as requests are
|
||||
given to appropriate struct request_queue and decremented as they finish.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 10 -- # of milliseconds spent doing I/Os
|
||||
Field 10 -- # of milliseconds spent doing I/Os (unsigned int)
|
||||
This field increases so long as field 9 is nonzero.
|
||||
|
||||
Since 5.0 this field counts jiffies when at least one request was
|
||||
started or completed. If request runs more than 2 jiffies then some
|
||||
I/O time will not be accounted unless there are other requests.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 11 -- weighted # of milliseconds spent doing I/Os
|
||||
Field 11 -- weighted # of milliseconds spent doing I/Os (unsigned int)
|
||||
This field is incremented at each I/O start, I/O completion, I/O
|
||||
merge, or read of these stats by the number of I/Os in progress
|
||||
(field 9) times the number of milliseconds spent doing I/O since the
|
||||
last update of this field. This can provide an easy measure of both
|
||||
I/O completion time and the backlog that may be accumulating.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 12 -- # of discards completed
|
||||
Field 12 -- # of discards completed (unsigned long)
|
||||
This is the total number of discards completed successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 13 -- # of discards merged
|
||||
Field 13 -- # of discards merged (unsigned long)
|
||||
See the description of field 2
|
||||
|
||||
Field 14 -- # of sectors discarded
|
||||
Field 14 -- # of sectors discarded (unsigned long)
|
||||
This is the total number of sectors discarded successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
Field 15 -- # of milliseconds spent discarding
|
||||
Field 15 -- # of milliseconds spent discarding (unsigned int)
|
||||
This is the total number of milliseconds spent by all discards (as
|
||||
measured from __make_request() to end_that_request_last()).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -437,8 +437,6 @@
|
||||
no delay (0).
|
||||
Format: integer
|
||||
|
||||
bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
|
||||
|
||||
bert_disable [ACPI]
|
||||
Disable BERT OS support on buggy BIOSes.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -983,12 +981,10 @@
|
||||
|
||||
earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
|
||||
|
||||
[ARM64] The early console is determined by the
|
||||
stdout-path property in device tree's chosen node,
|
||||
or determined by the ACPI SPCR table.
|
||||
|
||||
[X86] When used with no options the early console is
|
||||
determined by the ACPI SPCR table.
|
||||
When used with no options, the early console is
|
||||
determined by stdout-path property in device tree's
|
||||
chosen node or the ACPI SPCR table if supported by
|
||||
the platform.
|
||||
|
||||
cdns,<addr>[,options]
|
||||
Start an early, polled-mode console on a Cadence
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ devices/imx8_ddr0/format/. The "events" directory describes the events types
|
||||
hardware supported that can be used with perf tool, see /sys/bus/event_source/
|
||||
devices/imx8_ddr0/events/. The "caps" directory describes filter features implemented
|
||||
in DDR PMU, see /sys/bus/events_source/devices/imx8_ddr0/caps/.
|
||||
e.g.::
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/cycles/ cmd
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/read/,imx8_ddr0/write/ cmd
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -35,24 +37,31 @@ value 1 for supported.
|
||||
Filter is defined with two configuration parts:
|
||||
--AXI_ID defines AxID matching value.
|
||||
--AXI_MASKING defines which bits of AxID are meaningful for the matching.
|
||||
0：corresponding bit is masked.
|
||||
1: corresponding bit is not masked, i.e. used to do the matching.
|
||||
|
||||
- 0: corresponding bit is masked.
|
||||
- 1: corresponding bit is not masked, i.e. used to do the matching.
|
||||
|
||||
AXI_ID and AXI_MASKING are mapped on DPCR1 register in performance counter.
|
||||
When non-masked bits are matching corresponding AXI_ID bits then counter is
|
||||
incremented. Perf counter is incremented if
|
||||
AxID && AXI_MASKING == AXI_ID && AXI_MASKING
|
||||
AxID && AXI_MASKING == AXI_ID && AXI_MASKING
|
||||
|
||||
This filter doesn't support filter different AXI ID for axid-read and axid-write
|
||||
event at the same time as this filter is shared between counters.
|
||||
e.g.::
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/axid-read,axi_mask=0xMMMM,axi_id=0xDDDD/ cmd
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/axid-write,axi_mask=0xMMMM,axi_id=0xDDDD/ cmd
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: axi_mask is inverted in userspace(i.e. set bits are bits to mask), and
|
||||
it will be reverted in driver automatically. so that the user can just specify
|
||||
axi_id to monitor a specific id, rather than having to specify axi_mask.
|
||||
e.g.::
|
||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/axid-read,axi_mask=0xMMMM,axi_id=0xDDDD/ cmd
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/axid-write,axi_mask=0xMMMM,axi_id=0xDDDD/ cmd
|
||||
|
||||
.. note::
|
||||
|
||||
axi_mask is inverted in userspace(i.e. set bits are bits to mask), and
|
||||
it will be reverted in driver automatically. so that the user can just specify
|
||||
axi_id to monitor a specific id, rather than having to specify axi_mask.
|
||||
|
||||
.. code-block:: bash
|
||||
|
||||
perf stat -a -e imx8_ddr0/axid-read,axi_id=0x12/ cmd, which will monitor ARID=0x12
|
||||
|
||||
* With DDR_CAP_AXI_ID_FILTER_ENHANCED quirk(filter: 1, enhanced_filter: 1).
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Performance monitor support
|
||||
:maxdepth: 1
|
||||
|
||||
hisi-pmu
|
||||
imx-ddr
|
||||
qcom_l2_pmu
|
||||
qcom_l3_pmu
|
||||
arm-ccn
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -831,8 +831,8 @@ printk_ratelimit:
|
||||
=================
|
||||
|
||||
Some warning messages are rate limited. printk_ratelimit specifies
|
||||
the minimum length of time between these messages (in jiffies), by
|
||||
default we allow one every 5 seconds.
|
||||
the minimum length of time between these messages (in seconds).
|
||||
The default value is 5 seconds.
|
||||
|
||||
A value of 0 will disable rate limiting.
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -845,6 +845,8 @@ seconds, we do allow a burst of messages to pass through.
|
||||
printk_ratelimit_burst specifies the number of messages we can
|
||||
send before ratelimiting kicks in.
|
||||
|
||||
The default value is 10 messages.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
printk_devkmsg:
|
||||
===============
|
||||
@@ -1101,7 +1103,7 @@ During initialization the kernel sets this value such that even if the
|
||||
maximum number of threads is created, the thread structures occupy only
|
||||
a part (1/8th) of the available RAM pages.
|
||||
|
||||
The minimum value that can be written to threads-max is 20.
|
||||
The minimum value that can be written to threads-max is 1.
|
||||
|
||||
The maximum value that can be written to threads-max is given by the
|
||||
constant FUTEX_TID_MASK (0x3fffffff).
|
||||
@@ -1109,10 +1111,6 @@ constant FUTEX_TID_MASK (0x3fffffff).
|
||||
If a value outside of this range is written to threads-max an error
|
||||
EINVAL occurs.
|
||||
|
||||
The value written is checked against the available RAM pages. If the
|
||||
thread structures would occupy too much (more than 1/8th) of the
|
||||
available RAM pages threads-max is reduced accordingly.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
unknown_nmi_panic:
|
||||
==================
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user