Merge branch 'hash' of git://ftp.sciencehorizons.net/linux

Pull string hash improvements from George Spelvin:
 "This series does several related things:

   - Makes the dcache hash (fs/namei.c) useful for general kernel use.

     (Thanks to Bruce for noticing the zero-length corner case)

   - Converts the string hashes in <linux/sunrpc/svcauth.h> to use the
     above.

   - Avoids 64-bit multiplies in hash_64() on 32-bit platforms.  Two
     32-bit multiplies will do well enough.

   - Rids the world of the bad hash multipliers in hash_32.

     This finishes the job started in commit 689de1d6ca ("Minimal
     fix-up of bad hashing behavior of hash_64()")

     The vast majority of Linux architectures have hardware support for
     32x32-bit multiply and so derive no benefit from "simplified"
     multipliers.

     The few processors that do not (68000, h8/300 and some models of
     Microblaze) have arch-specific implementations added.  Those
     patches are last in the series.

   - Overhauls the dcache hash mixing.

     The patch in commit 0fed3ac866 ("namei: Improve hash mixing if
     CONFIG_DCACHE_WORD_ACCESS") was an off-the-cuff suggestion.
     Replaced with a much more careful design that's simultaneously
     faster and better.  (My own invention, as there was noting suitable
     in the literature I could find.  Comments welcome!)

   - Modify the hash_name() loop to skip the initial HASH_MIX().  This
     would let us salt the hash if we ever wanted to.

   - Sort out partial_name_hash().

     The hash function is declared as using a long state, even though
     it's truncated to 32 bits at the end and the extra internal state
     contributes nothing to the result.  And some callers do odd things:

      - fs/hfs/string.c only allocates 32 bits of state
      - fs/hfsplus/unicode.c uses it to hash 16-bit unicode symbols not bytes

   - Modify bytemask_from_count to handle inputs of 1..sizeof(long)
     rather than 0..sizeof(long)-1.  This would simplify users other
     than full_name_hash"

  Special thanks to Bruce Fields for testing and finding bugs in v1.  (I
  learned some humbling lessons about "obviously correct" code.)

  On the arch-specific front, the m68k assembly has been tested in a
  standalone test harness, I've been in contact with the Microblaze
  maintainers who mostly don't care, as the hardware multiplier is never
  omitted in real-world applications, and I haven't heard anything from
  the H8/300 world"

* 'hash' of git://ftp.sciencehorizons.net/linux:
  h8300: Add <asm/hash.h>
  microblaze: Add <asm/hash.h>
  m68k: Add <asm/hash.h>
  <linux/hash.h>: Add support for architecture-specific functions
  fs/namei.c: Improve dcache hash function
  Eliminate bad hash multipliers from hash_32() and  hash_64()
  Change hash_64() return value to 32 bits
  <linux/sunrpc/svcauth.h>: Define hash_str() in terms of hashlen_string()
  fs/namei.c: Add hashlen_string() function
  Pull out string hash to <linux/stringhash.h>

lib/Kconfig.debug

@@ -1849,6 +1849,17 @@ config TEST_RHASHTABLE
 
 	  If unsure, say N.
 
+config TEST_HASH
+	tristate "Perform selftest on hash functions"
+	default n
+	help
+	  Enable this option to test the kernel's integer (<linux/hash,h>)
+	  and string (<linux/stringhash.h>) hash functions on boot
+	  (or module load).
+
+	  This is intended to help people writing architecture-specific
+	  optimized versions.  If unsure, say N.
+
 endmenu # runtime tests
 
 config PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT

lib/Makefile

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_HEXDUMP) += test_hexdump.o
 obj-y += kstrtox.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_BPF) += test_bpf.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_FIRMWARE) += test_firmware.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_HASH) += test_hash.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_KASAN) += test_kasan.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_KSTRTOX) += test-kstrtox.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_LKM) += test_module.o

lib/test_hash.c

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+/*
+ * Test cases for <linux/hash.h> and <linux/stringhash.h>
+ * This just verifies that various ways of computing a hash
+ * produce the same thing and, for cases where a k-bit hash
+ * value is requested, is of the requested size.
+ *
+ * We fill a buffer with a 255-byte null-terminated string,
+ * and use both full_name_hash() and hashlen_string() to hash the
+ * substrings from i to j, where 0 <= i < j < 256.
+ *
+ * The returned values are used to check that __hash_32() and
+ * __hash_32_generic() compute the same thing.  Likewise hash_32()
+ * and hash_64().
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt "\n"
+
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/stringhash.h>
+#include <linux/printk.h>
+
+/* 32-bit XORSHIFT generator.  Seed must not be zero. */
+static u32 __init __attribute_const__
+xorshift(u32 seed)
+{
+	seed ^= seed << 13;
+	seed ^= seed >> 17;
+	seed ^= seed << 5;
+	return seed;
+}
+
+/* Given a non-zero x, returns a non-zero byte. */
+static u8 __init __attribute_const__
+mod255(u32 x)
+{
+	x = (x & 0xffff) + (x >> 16);	/* 1 <= x <= 0x1fffe */
+	x = (x & 0xff) + (x >> 8);	/* 1 <= x <= 0x2fd */
+	x = (x & 0xff) + (x >> 8);	/* 1 <= x <= 0x100 */
+	x = (x & 0xff) + (x >> 8);	/* 1 <= x <= 0xff */
+	return x;
+}
+
+/* Fill the buffer with non-zero bytes. */
+static void __init
+fill_buf(char *buf, size_t len, u32 seed)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		seed = xorshift(seed);
+		buf[i] = mod255(seed);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test the various integer hash functions.  h64 (or its low-order bits)
+ * is the integer to hash.  hash_or accumulates the OR of the hash values,
+ * which are later checked to see that they cover all the requested bits.
+ *
+ * Because these functions (as opposed to the string hashes) are all
+ * inline, the code being tested is actually in the module, and you can
+ * recompile and re-test the module without rebooting.
+ */
+static bool __init
+test_int_hash(unsigned long long h64, u32 hash_or[2][33])
+{
+	int k;
+	u32 h0 = (u32)h64, h1, h2;
+
+	/* Test __hash32 */
+	hash_or[0][0] |= h1 = __hash_32(h0);
+#ifdef HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32
+	hash_or[1][0] |= h2 = __hash_32_generic(h0);
+#if HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32 == 1
+	if (h1 != h2) {
+		pr_err("__hash_32(%#x) = %#x != __hash_32_generic() = %#x",
+			h0, h1, h2);
+		return false;
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+	/* Test k = 1..32 bits */
+	for (k = 1; k <= 32; k++) {
+		u32 const m = ((u32)2 << (k-1)) - 1;	/* Low k bits set */
+
+		/* Test hash_32 */
+		hash_or[0][k] |= h1 = hash_32(h0, k);
+		if (h1 > m) {
+			pr_err("hash_32(%#x, %d) = %#x > %#x", h0, k, h1, m);
+			return false;
+		}
+#ifdef HAVE_ARCH_HASH_32
+		h2 = hash_32_generic(h0, k);
+#if HAVE_ARCH_HASH_32 == 1
+		if (h1 != h2) {
+			pr_err("hash_32(%#x, %d) = %#x != hash_32_generic() "
+				" = %#x", h0, k, h1, h2);
+			return false;
+		}
+#else
+		if (h2 > m) {
+			pr_err("hash_32_generic(%#x, %d) = %#x > %#x",
+				h0, k, h1, m);
+			return false;
+		}
+#endif
+#endif
+		/* Test hash_64 */
+		hash_or[1][k] |= h1 = hash_64(h64, k);
+		if (h1 > m) {
+			pr_err("hash_64(%#llx, %d) = %#x > %#x", h64, k, h1, m);
+			return false;
+		}
+#ifdef HAVE_ARCH_HASH_64
+		h2 = hash_64_generic(h64, k);
+#if HAVE_ARCH_HASH_64 == 1
+		if (h1 != h2) {
+			pr_err("hash_64(%#llx, %d) = %#x != hash_64_generic() "
+				"= %#x", h64, k, h1, h2);
+			return false;
+		}
+#else
+		if (h2 > m) {
+			pr_err("hash_64_generic(%#llx, %d) = %#x > %#x",
+				h64, k, h1, m);
+			return false;
+		}
+#endif
+#endif
+	}
+
+	(void)h2;	/* Suppress unused variable warning */
+	return true;
+}
+
+#define SIZE 256	/* Run time is cubic in SIZE */
+
+static int __init
+test_hash_init(void)
+{
+	char buf[SIZE+1];
+	u32 string_or = 0, hash_or[2][33] = { 0 };
+	unsigned tests = 0;
+	unsigned long long h64 = 0;
+	int i, j;
+
+	fill_buf(buf, SIZE, 1);
+
+	/* Test every possible non-empty substring in the buffer. */
+	for (j = SIZE; j > 0; --j) {
+		buf[j] = '\0';
+
+		for (i = 0; i <= j; i++) {
+			u64 hashlen = hashlen_string(buf+i);
+			u32 h0 = full_name_hash(buf+i, j-i);
+
+			/* Check that hashlen_string gets the length right */
+			if (hashlen_len(hashlen) != j-i) {
+				pr_err("hashlen_string(%d..%d) returned length"
+					" %u, expected %d",
+					i, j, hashlen_len(hashlen), j-i);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			/* Check that the hashes match */
+			if (hashlen_hash(hashlen) != h0) {
+				pr_err("hashlen_string(%d..%d) = %08x != "
+					"full_name_hash() = %08x",
+					i, j, hashlen_hash(hashlen), h0);
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+
+			string_or |= h0;
+			h64 = h64 << 32 | h0;	/* For use with hash_64 */
+			if (!test_int_hash(h64, hash_or))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			tests++;
+		} /* i */
+	} /* j */
+
+	/* The OR of all the hash values should cover all the bits */
+	if (~string_or) {
+		pr_err("OR of all string hash results = %#x != %#x",
+			string_or, -1u);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (~hash_or[0][0]) {
+		pr_err("OR of all __hash_32 results = %#x != %#x",
+			hash_or[0][0], -1u);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+#ifdef HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32
+#if HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32 != 1	/* Test is pointless if results match */
+	if (~hash_or[1][0]) {
+		pr_err("OR of all __hash_32_generic results = %#x != %#x",
+			hash_or[1][0], -1u);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+	/* Likewise for all the i-bit hash values */
+	for (i = 1; i <= 32; i++) {
+		u32 const m = ((u32)2 << (i-1)) - 1;	/* Low i bits set */
+
+		if (hash_or[0][i] != m) {
+			pr_err("OR of all hash_32(%d) results = %#x "
+				"(%#x expected)", i, hash_or[0][i], m);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		if (hash_or[1][i] != m) {
+			pr_err("OR of all hash_64(%d) results = %#x "
+				"(%#x expected)", i, hash_or[1][i], m);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Issue notices about skipped tests. */
+#ifndef HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32
+	pr_info("__hash_32() has no arch implementation to test.");
+#elif HAVE_ARCH__HASH_32 != 1
+	pr_info("__hash_32() is arch-specific; not compared to generic.");
+#endif
+#ifndef HAVE_ARCH_HASH_32
+	pr_info("hash_32() has no arch implementation to test.");
+#elif HAVE_ARCH_HASH_32 != 1
+	pr_info("hash_32() is arch-specific; not compared to generic.");
+#endif
+#ifndef HAVE_ARCH_HASH_64
+	pr_info("hash_64() has no arch implementation to test.");
+#elif HAVE_ARCH_HASH_64 != 1
+	pr_info("hash_64() is arch-specific; not compared to generic.");
+#endif
+
+	pr_notice("%u tests passed.", tests);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit test_hash_exit(void)
+{
+}
+
+module_init(test_hash_init);	/* Does everything */
+module_exit(test_hash_exit);	/* Does nothing */
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");