fs: add ksys_chdir() helper; remove in-kernel calls to sys_chdir()

Using this helper allows us to avoid the in-kernel calls to the sys_chdir()
syscall. The ksys_ prefix denotes that this function is meant as a drop-in
replacement for the syscall. In particular, it uses the same calling
convention as sys_chdir().

This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls.
On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see
http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net

Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>

include/linux/syscalls.h

@@ -952,5 +952,6 @@ int ksys_umount(char __user *name, int flags);
 int ksys_dup(unsigned int fildes);
 int ksys_chroot(const char __user *filename);
 ssize_t ksys_write(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf, size_t count);
+int ksys_chdir(const char __user *filename);
 
 #endif