Merge tag 'docs-5.9' of git://git.lwn.net/linux

Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet:
 "It's been a busy cycle for documentation - hopefully the busiest for a
  while to come. Changes include:

   - Some new Chinese translations

   - Progress on the battle against double words words and non-HTTPS
     URLs

   - Some block-mq documentation

   - More RST conversions from Mauro. At this point, that task is
     essentially complete, so we shouldn't see this kind of churn again
     for a while. Unless we decide to switch to asciidoc or
     something...:)

   - Lots of typo fixes, warning fixes, and more"

* tag 'docs-5.9' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (195 commits)
  scripts/kernel-doc: optionally treat warnings as errors
  docs: ia64: correct typo
  mailmap: add entry for <alobakin@marvell.com>
  doc/zh_CN: add cpu-load Chinese version
  Documentation/admin-guide: tainted-kernels: fix spelling mistake
  MAINTAINERS: adjust kprobes.rst entry to new location
  devices.txt: document rfkill allocation
  PCI: correct flag name
  docs: filesystems: vfs: correct flag name
  docs: filesystems: vfs: correct sync_mode flag names
  docs: path-lookup: markup fixes for emphasis
  docs: path-lookup: more markup fixes
  docs: path-lookup: fix HTML entity mojibake
  CREDITS: Replace HTTP links with HTTPS ones
  docs: process: Add an example for creating a fixes tag
  doc/zh_CN: add Chinese translation prefer section
  doc/zh_CN: add clearing-warn-once Chinese version
  doc/zh_CN: add admin-guide index
  doc:it_IT: process: coding-style.rst: Correct __maybe_unused compiler label
  futex: MAINTAINERS: Re-add selftests directory
  ...
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds
2020-08-04 22:47:54 -07:00
274 changed files with 3327 additions and 1888 deletions

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@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Four basic modes are defined: ``patch``, ``report``, ``context``, and
file:line:column-column: message
- ``context`` highlights lines of interest and their context in a
diff-like style.Lines of interest are indicated with ``-``.
diff-like style. Lines of interest are indicated with ``-``.
- ``org`` generates a report in the Org mode format of Emacs.
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ For each semantic patch, a commit message is proposed. It gives a
description of the problem being checked by the semantic patch, and
includes a reference to Coccinelle.
As any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
As with any static code analyzer, Coccinelle produces false
positives. Thus, reports must be carefully checked, and patches
reviewed.
@@ -135,18 +135,18 @@ the parallelism, set the J= variable. For example, to run across 4 CPUs::
make coccicheck MODE=report J=4
As of Coccinelle 1.0.2 Coccinelle uses Ocaml parmap for parallelization,
As of Coccinelle 1.0.2 Coccinelle uses Ocaml parmap for parallelization;
if support for this is detected you will benefit from parmap parallelization.
When parmap is enabled coccicheck will enable dynamic load balancing by using
``--chunksize 1`` argument, this ensures we keep feeding threads with work
``--chunksize 1`` argument. This ensures we keep feeding threads with work
one by one, so that we avoid the situation where most work gets done by only
a few threads. With dynamic load balancing, if a thread finishes early we keep
feeding it more work.
When parmap is enabled, if an error occurs in Coccinelle, this error
value is propagated back, the return value of the ``make coccicheck``
captures this return value.
value is propagated back, and the return value of the ``make coccicheck``
command captures this return value.
Using Coccinelle with a single semantic patch
---------------------------------------------
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ To check only newly edited code, use the value 2 for the C flag, i.e.::
make C=2 CHECK="scripts/coccicheck"
In these modes, which works on a file basis, there is no information
In these modes, which work on a file basis, there is no information
about semantic patches displayed, and no commit message proposed.
This runs every semantic patch in scripts/coccinelle by default. The
@@ -198,12 +198,12 @@ Debugging Coccinelle SmPL patches
Using coccicheck is best as it provides in the spatch command line
include options matching the options used when we compile the kernel.
You can learn what these options are by using V=1, you could then
You can learn what these options are by using V=1; you could then
manually run Coccinelle with debug options added.
Alternatively you can debug running Coccinelle against SmPL patches
by asking for stderr to be redirected to stderr, by default stderr
is redirected to /dev/null, if you'd like to capture stderr you
by asking for stderr to be redirected to stderr. By default stderr
is redirected to /dev/null; if you'd like to capture stderr you
can specify the ``DEBUG_FILE="file.txt"`` option to coccicheck. For
instance::
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ instance::
make coccicheck COCCI=scripts/coccinelle/free/kfree.cocci MODE=report DEBUG_FILE=cocci.err
cat cocci.err
You can use SPFLAGS to add debugging flags, for instance you may want to
add both --profile --show-trying to SPFLAGS when debugging. For instance
You can use SPFLAGS to add debugging flags; for instance you may want to
add both --profile --show-trying to SPFLAGS when debugging. For example
you may want to use::
rm -f err.log
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ DEBUG_FILE support is only supported when using coccinelle >= 1.0.2.
--------------------
Coccinelle supports reading .cocciconfig for default Coccinelle options that
should be used every time spatch is spawned, the order of precedence for
should be used every time spatch is spawned. The order of precedence for
variables for .cocciconfig is as follows:
- Your current user's home directory is processed first
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ variables for .cocciconfig is as follows:
- The directory provided with the --dir option is processed last, if used
Since coccicheck runs through make, it naturally runs from the kernel
proper dir, as such the second rule above would be implied for picking up a
proper dir; as such the second rule above would be implied for picking up a
.cocciconfig when using ``make coccicheck``.
``make coccicheck`` also supports using M= targets. If you do not supply
@@ -260,13 +260,13 @@ If not using the kernel's coccicheck target, keep the above precedence
order logic of .cocciconfig reading. If using the kernel's coccicheck target,
override any of the kernel's .coccicheck's settings using SPFLAGS.
We help Coccinelle when used against Linux with a set of sensible defaults
We help Coccinelle when used against Linux with a set of sensible default
options for Linux with our own Linux .cocciconfig. This hints to coccinelle
git can be used for ``git grep`` queries over coccigrep. A timeout of 200
that git can be used for ``git grep`` queries over coccigrep. A timeout of 200
seconds should suffice for now.
The options picked up by coccinelle when reading a .cocciconfig do not appear
as arguments to spatch processes running on your system, to confirm what
as arguments to spatch processes running on your system. To confirm what
options will be used by Coccinelle run::
spatch --print-options-only
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ given to it when options are in conflict. ::
Coccinelle supports idutils as well but requires coccinelle >= 1.0.6.
When no ID file is specified coccinelle assumes your ID database file
is in the file .id-utils.index on the top level of the kernel, coccinelle
is in the file .id-utils.index on the top level of the kernel. Coccinelle
carries a script scripts/idutils_index.sh which creates the database with::
mkid -i C --output .id-utils.index
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ SmPL patch specific options
---------------------------
SmPL patches can have their own requirements for options passed
to Coccinelle. SmPL patch specific options can be provided by
to Coccinelle. SmPL patch-specific options can be provided by
providing them at the top of the SmPL patch, for instance::
// Options: --no-includes --include-headers
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ SmPL patch Coccinelle requirements
As Coccinelle features get added some more advanced SmPL patches
may require newer versions of Coccinelle. If an SmPL patch requires
at least a version of Coccinelle, this can be specified as follows,
a minimum version of Coccinelle, this can be specified as follows,
as an example if requiring at least Coccinelle >= 1.0.5::
// Requires: 1.0.5

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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Possible uses:
* minimizing kernel configurations (do I need this option if the
associated code is never run?)
.. _gcov: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
.. _gcov: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
.. _lcov: http://ltp.sourceforge.net/coverage/lcov.php
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Note on compilers
GCC and LLVM gcov tools are not necessarily compatible. Use gcov_ to work with
GCC-generated .gcno and .gcda files, and use llvm-cov_ for Clang.
.. _gcov: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
.. _gcov: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Gcov.html
.. _llvm-cov: https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-cov.html
Build differences between GCC and Clang gcov are handled by Kconfig. It

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@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ The kgdboc driver contains logic to configure communications with an
attached keyboard. The keyboard infrastructure is only compiled into the
kernel when ``CONFIG_KDB_KEYBOARD=y`` is set in the kernel configuration.
The core polled keyboard driver driver for PS/2 type keyboards is in
The core polled keyboard driver for PS/2 type keyboards is in
``drivers/char/kdb_keyboard.c``. This driver is hooked into the debug core
when kgdboc populates the callback in the array called
:c:type:`kdb_poll_funcs[]`. The :c:func:`kdb_get_kbd_char` is the top-level

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@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ with the difference that the orphan objects are not freed but only
reported via /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. A similar method is used by the
Valgrind tool (``memcheck --leak-check``) to detect the memory leaks in
user-space applications.
Kmemleak is supported on x86, arm, arm64, powerpc, sparc, sh, microblaze, mips,
s390, nds32, arc and xtensa.
Usage
-----

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@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Sparse is a semantic checker for C programs; it can be used to find a
number of potential problems with kernel code. See
https://lwn.net/Articles/689907/ for an overview of sparse; this document
contains some kernel-specific sparse information.
More information on sparse, mainly about its internals, can be found in
its official pages at https://sparse.docs.kernel.org.
Using sparse for typechecking
@@ -73,8 +75,8 @@ sparse would otherwise report a context imbalance.
Getting sparse
--------------
You can get latest released versions from the Sparse homepage at
https://sparse.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page
You can get tarballs of the latest released versions from:
https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/devel/sparse/dist/
Alternatively, you can get snapshots of the latest development version
of sparse using git to clone::