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Linux-2.6.12-rc2

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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds
2005-04-16 15:20:36 -07:00
commit 1da177e4c3
17291 changed files with 6718755 additions and 0 deletions
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117
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Most (all) Intel-MP compliant SMP boards have the so-called 'IO-APIC',
which is an enhanced interrupt controller, it enables us to route
hardware interrupts to multiple CPUs, or to CPU groups.
Linux supports all variants of compliant SMP boards, including ones with
multiple IO-APICs. (multiple IO-APICs are used in high-end servers to
distribute IRQ load further).
There are (a few) known breakages in certain older boards, which bugs are
usually worked around by the kernel. If your MP-compliant SMP board does
not boot Linux, then consult the linux-smp mailing list archives first.
If your box boots fine with enabled IO-APIC IRQs, then your
/proc/interrupts will look like this one:
---------------------------->
hell:~> cat /proc/interrupts
CPU0
0: 1360293 IO-APIC-edge timer
1: 4 IO-APIC-edge keyboard
2: 0 XT-PIC cascade
13: 1 XT-PIC fpu
14: 1448 IO-APIC-edge ide0
16: 28232 IO-APIC-level Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100 Ethernet
17: 51304 IO-APIC-level eth0
NMI: 0
ERR: 0
hell:~>
<----------------------------
some interrupts are still listed as 'XT PIC', but this is not a problem,
none of those IRQ sources is performance-critical.
in the unlikely case that your board does not create a working mp-table,
you can use the pirq= boot parameter to 'hand-construct' IRQ entries. This
is nontrivial though and cannot be automated. One sample /etc/lilo.conf
entry:
append="pirq=15,11,10"
the actual numbers depend on your system, on your PCI cards and on their
PCI slot position. Usually PCI slots are 'daisy chained' before they are
connected to the PCI chipset IRQ routing facility (the incoming PIRQ1-4
lines):
,-. ,-. ,-. ,-. ,-.
PIRQ4 ----| |-. ,-| |-. ,-| |-. ,-| |--------| |
|S| \ / |S| \ / |S| \ / |S| |S|
PIRQ3 ----|l|-. `/---|l|-. `/---|l|-. `/---|l|--------|l|
|o| \/ |o| \/ |o| \/ |o| |o|
PIRQ2 ----|t|-./`----|t|-./`----|t|-./`----|t|--------|t|
|1| /\ |2| /\ |3| /\ |4| |5|
PIRQ1 ----| |- `----| |- `----| |- `----| |--------| |
`-' `-' `-' `-' `-'
every PCI card emits a PCI IRQ, which can be INTA,INTB,INTC,INTD:
,-.
INTD--| |
|S|
INTC--|l|
|o|
INTB--|t|
|x|
INTA--| |
`-'
These INTA-D PCI IRQs are always 'local to the card', their real meaning
depends on which slot they are in. If you look at the daisy chaining diagram,
a card in slot4, issuing INTA IRQ, it will end up as a signal on PIRQ2 of
the PCI chipset. Most cards issue INTA, this creates optimal distribution
between the PIRQ lines. (distributing IRQ sources properly is not a
necessity, PCI IRQs can be shared at will, but it's a good for performance
to have non shared interrupts). Slot5 should be used for videocards, they
do not use interrupts normally, thus they are not daisy chained either.
so if you have your SCSI card (IRQ11) in Slot1, Tulip card (IRQ9) in
Slot2, then you'll have to specify this pirq= line:
append="pirq=11,9"
the following script tries to figure out such a default pirq= line from
your PCI configuration:
echo -n pirq=; echo `scanpci | grep T_L | cut -c56-` | sed 's/ /,/g'
note that this script wont work if you have skipped a few slots or if your
board does not do default daisy-chaining. (or the IO-APIC has the PIRQ pins
connected in some strange way). E.g. if in the above case you have your SCSI
card (IRQ11) in Slot3, and have Slot1 empty:
append="pirq=0,9,11"
[value '0' is a generic 'placeholder', reserved for empty (or non-IRQ emitting)
slots.]
generally, it's always possible to find out the correct pirq= settings, just
permute all IRQ numbers properly ... it will take some time though. An
'incorrect' pirq line will cause the booting process to hang, or a device
won't function properly (if it's inserted as eg. a module).
If you have 2 PCI buses, then you can use up to 8 pirq values. Although such
boards tend to have a good configuration.
Be prepared that it might happen that you need some strange pirq line:
append="pirq=0,0,0,0,0,0,9,11"
use smart try-and-err techniques to find out the correct pirq line ...
good luck and mail to linux-smp@vger.kernel.org or
linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org if you have any problems that are not covered
by this document.
-- mingo

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THE LINUX/I386 BOOT PROTOCOL
----------------------------
H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Last update 2002-01-01
On the i386 platform, the Linux kernel uses a rather complicated boot
convention. This has evolved partially due to historical aspects, as
well as the desire in the early days to have the kernel itself be a
bootable image, the complicated PC memory model and due to changed
expectations in the PC industry caused by the effective demise of
real-mode DOS as a mainstream operating system.
Currently, four versions of the Linux/i386 boot protocol exist.
Old kernels: zImage/Image support only. Some very early kernels
may not even support a command line.
Protocol 2.00: (Kernel 1.3.73) Added bzImage and initrd support, as
well as a formalized way to communicate between the
boot loader and the kernel. setup.S made relocatable,
although the traditional setup area still assumed
writable.
Protocol 2.01: (Kernel 1.3.76) Added a heap overrun warning.
Protocol 2.02: (Kernel 2.4.0-test3-pre3) New command line protocol.
Lower the conventional memory ceiling. No overwrite
of the traditional setup area, thus making booting
safe for systems which use the EBDA from SMM or 32-bit
BIOS entry points. zImage deprecated but still
supported.
Protocol 2.03: (Kernel 2.4.18-pre1) Explicitly makes the highest possible
initrd address available to the bootloader.
**** MEMORY LAYOUT
The traditional memory map for the kernel loader, used for Image or
zImage kernels, typically looks like:
| |
0A0000 +------------------------+
| Reserved for BIOS | Do not use. Reserved for BIOS EBDA.
09A000 +------------------------+
| Stack/heap/cmdline | For use by the kernel real-mode code.
098000 +------------------------+
| Kernel setup | The kernel real-mode code.
090200 +------------------------+
| Kernel boot sector | The kernel legacy boot sector.
090000 +------------------------+
| Protected-mode kernel | The bulk of the kernel image.
010000 +------------------------+
| Boot loader | <- Boot sector entry point 0000:7C00
001000 +------------------------+
| Reserved for MBR/BIOS |
000800 +------------------------+
| Typically used by MBR |
000600 +------------------------+
| BIOS use only |
000000 +------------------------+
When using bzImage, the protected-mode kernel was relocated to
0x100000 ("high memory"), and the kernel real-mode block (boot sector,
setup, and stack/heap) was made relocatable to any address between
0x10000 and end of low memory. Unfortunately, in protocols 2.00 and
2.01 the command line is still required to live in the 0x9XXXX memory
range, and that memory range is still overwritten by the early kernel.
The 2.02 protocol resolves that problem.
It is desirable to keep the "memory ceiling" -- the highest point in
low memory touched by the boot loader -- as low as possible, since
some newer BIOSes have begun to allocate some rather large amounts of
memory, called the Extended BIOS Data Area, near the top of low
memory. The boot loader should use the "INT 12h" BIOS call to verify
how much low memory is available.
Unfortunately, if INT 12h reports that the amount of memory is too
low, there is usually nothing the boot loader can do but to report an
error to the user. The boot loader should therefore be designed to
take up as little space in low memory as it reasonably can. For
zImage or old bzImage kernels, which need data written into the
0x90000 segment, the boot loader should make sure not to use memory
above the 0x9A000 point; too many BIOSes will break above that point.
**** THE REAL-MODE KERNEL HEADER
In the following text, and anywhere in the kernel boot sequence, "a
sector" refers to 512 bytes. It is independent of the actual sector
size of the underlying medium.
The first step in loading a Linux kernel should be to load the
real-mode code (boot sector and setup code) and then examine the
following header at offset 0x01f1. The real-mode code can total up to
32K, although the boot loader may choose to load only the first two
sectors (1K) and then examine the bootup sector size.
The header looks like:
Offset Proto Name Meaning
/Size
01F1/1 ALL setup_sects The size of the setup in sectors
01F2/2 ALL root_flags If set, the root is mounted readonly
01F4/2 ALL syssize DO NOT USE - for bootsect.S use only
01F6/2 ALL swap_dev DO NOT USE - obsolete
01F8/2 ALL ram_size DO NOT USE - for bootsect.S use only
01FA/2 ALL vid_mode Video mode control
01FC/2 ALL root_dev Default root device number
01FE/2 ALL boot_flag 0xAA55 magic number
0200/2 2.00+ jump Jump instruction
0202/4 2.00+ header Magic signature "HdrS"
0206/2 2.00+ version Boot protocol version supported
0208/4 2.00+ realmode_swtch Boot loader hook (see below)
020C/2 2.00+ start_sys The load-low segment (0x1000) (obsolete)
020E/2 2.00+ kernel_version Pointer to kernel version string
0210/1 2.00+ type_of_loader Boot loader identifier
0211/1 2.00+ loadflags Boot protocol option flags
0212/2 2.00+ setup_move_size Move to high memory size (used with hooks)
0214/4 2.00+ code32_start Boot loader hook (see below)
0218/4 2.00+ ramdisk_image initrd load address (set by boot loader)
021C/4 2.00+ ramdisk_size initrd size (set by boot loader)
0220/4 2.00+ bootsect_kludge DO NOT USE - for bootsect.S use only
0224/2 2.01+ heap_end_ptr Free memory after setup end
0226/2 N/A pad1 Unused
0228/4 2.02+ cmd_line_ptr 32-bit pointer to the kernel command line
022C/4 2.03+ initrd_addr_max Highest legal initrd address
For backwards compatibility, if the setup_sects field contains 0, the
real value is 4.
If the "HdrS" (0x53726448) magic number is not found at offset 0x202,
the boot protocol version is "old". Loading an old kernel, the
following parameters should be assumed:
Image type = zImage
initrd not supported
Real-mode kernel must be located at 0x90000.
Otherwise, the "version" field contains the protocol version,
e.g. protocol version 2.01 will contain 0x0201 in this field. When
setting fields in the header, you must make sure only to set fields
supported by the protocol version in use.
The "kernel_version" field, if set to a nonzero value, contains a
pointer to a null-terminated human-readable kernel version number
string, less 0x200. This can be used to display the kernel version to
the user. This value should be less than (0x200*setup_sects). For
example, if this value is set to 0x1c00, the kernel version number
string can be found at offset 0x1e00 in the kernel file. This is a
valid value if and only if the "setup_sects" field contains the value
14 or higher.
Most boot loaders will simply load the kernel at its target address
directly. Such boot loaders do not need to worry about filling in
most of the fields in the header. The following fields should be
filled out, however:
vid_mode:
Please see the section on SPECIAL COMMAND LINE OPTIONS.
type_of_loader:
If your boot loader has an assigned id (see table below), enter
0xTV here, where T is an identifier for the boot loader and V is
a version number. Otherwise, enter 0xFF here.
Assigned boot loader ids:
0 LILO
1 Loadlin
2 bootsect-loader
3 SYSLINUX
4 EtherBoot
5 ELILO
7 GRuB
8 U-BOOT
Please contact <hpa@zytor.com> if you need a bootloader ID
value assigned.
loadflags, heap_end_ptr:
If the protocol version is 2.01 or higher, enter the
offset limit of the setup heap into heap_end_ptr and set the
0x80 bit (CAN_USE_HEAP) of loadflags. heap_end_ptr appears to
be relative to the start of setup (offset 0x0200).
setup_move_size:
When using protocol 2.00 or 2.01, if the real mode
kernel is not loaded at 0x90000, it gets moved there later in
the loading sequence. Fill in this field if you want
additional data (such as the kernel command line) moved in
addition to the real-mode kernel itself.
ramdisk_image, ramdisk_size:
If your boot loader has loaded an initial ramdisk (initrd),
set ramdisk_image to the 32-bit pointer to the ramdisk data
and the ramdisk_size to the size of the ramdisk data.
The initrd should typically be located as high in memory as
possible, as it may otherwise get overwritten by the early
kernel initialization sequence. However, it must never be
located above the address specified in the initrd_addr_max
field. The initrd should be at least 4K page aligned.
cmd_line_ptr:
If the protocol version is 2.02 or higher, this is a 32-bit
pointer to the kernel command line. The kernel command line
can be located anywhere between the end of setup and 0xA0000.
Fill in this field even if your boot loader does not support a
command line, in which case you can point this to an empty
string (or better yet, to the string "auto".) If this field
is left at zero, the kernel will assume that your boot loader
does not support the 2.02+ protocol.
ramdisk_max:
The maximum address that may be occupied by the initrd
contents. For boot protocols 2.02 or earlier, this field is
not present, and the maximum address is 0x37FFFFFF. (This
address is defined as the address of the highest safe byte, so
if your ramdisk is exactly 131072 bytes long and this field is
0x37FFFFFF, you can start your ramdisk at 0x37FE0000.)
**** THE KERNEL COMMAND LINE
The kernel command line has become an important way for the boot
loader to communicate with the kernel. Some of its options are also
relevant to the boot loader itself, see "special command line options"
below.
The kernel command line is a null-terminated string up to 255
characters long, plus the final null.
If the boot protocol version is 2.02 or later, the address of the
kernel command line is given by the header field cmd_line_ptr (see
above.)
If the protocol version is *not* 2.02 or higher, the kernel
command line is entered using the following protocol:
At offset 0x0020 (word), "cmd_line_magic", enter the magic
number 0xA33F.
At offset 0x0022 (word), "cmd_line_offset", enter the offset
of the kernel command line (relative to the start of the
real-mode kernel).
The kernel command line *must* be within the memory region
covered by setup_move_size, so you may need to adjust this
field.
**** SAMPLE BOOT CONFIGURATION
As a sample configuration, assume the following layout of the real
mode segment:
0x0000-0x7FFF Real mode kernel
0x8000-0x8FFF Stack and heap
0x9000-0x90FF Kernel command line
Such a boot loader should enter the following fields in the header:
unsigned long base_ptr; /* base address for real-mode segment */
if ( setup_sects == 0 ) {
setup_sects = 4;
}
if ( protocol >= 0x0200 ) {
type_of_loader = <type code>;
if ( loading_initrd ) {
ramdisk_image = <initrd_address>;
ramdisk_size = <initrd_size>;
}
if ( protocol >= 0x0201 ) {
heap_end_ptr = 0x9000 - 0x200;
loadflags |= 0x80; /* CAN_USE_HEAP */
}
if ( protocol >= 0x0202 ) {
cmd_line_ptr = base_ptr + 0x9000;
} else {
cmd_line_magic = 0xA33F;
cmd_line_offset = 0x9000;
setup_move_size = 0x9100;
}
} else {
/* Very old kernel */
cmd_line_magic = 0xA33F;
cmd_line_offset = 0x9000;
/* A very old kernel MUST have its real-mode code
loaded at 0x90000 */
if ( base_ptr != 0x90000 ) {
/* Copy the real-mode kernel */
memcpy(0x90000, base_ptr, (setup_sects+1)*512);
/* Copy the command line */
memcpy(0x99000, base_ptr+0x9000, 256);
base_ptr = 0x90000; /* Relocated */
}
/* It is recommended to clear memory up to the 32K mark */
memset(0x90000 + (setup_sects+1)*512, 0,
(64-(setup_sects+1))*512);
}
**** LOADING THE REST OF THE KERNEL
The non-real-mode kernel starts at offset (setup_sects+1)*512 in the
kernel file (again, if setup_sects == 0 the real value is 4.) It
should be loaded at address 0x10000 for Image/zImage kernels and
0x100000 for bzImage kernels.
The kernel is a bzImage kernel if the protocol >= 2.00 and the 0x01
bit (LOAD_HIGH) in the loadflags field is set:
is_bzImage = (protocol >= 0x0200) && (loadflags & 0x01);
load_address = is_bzImage ? 0x100000 : 0x10000;
Note that Image/zImage kernels can be up to 512K in size, and thus use
the entire 0x10000-0x90000 range of memory. This means it is pretty
much a requirement for these kernels to load the real-mode part at
0x90000. bzImage kernels allow much more flexibility.
**** SPECIAL COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
If the command line provided by the boot loader is entered by the
user, the user may expect the following command line options to work.
They should normally not be deleted from the kernel command line even
though not all of them are actually meaningful to the kernel. Boot
loader authors who need additional command line options for the boot
loader itself should get them registered in
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt to make sure they will not
conflict with actual kernel options now or in the future.
vga=<mode>
<mode> here is either an integer (in C notation, either
decimal, octal, or hexadecimal) or one of the strings
"normal" (meaning 0xFFFF), "ext" (meaning 0xFFFE) or "ask"
(meaning 0xFFFD). This value should be entered into the
vid_mode field, as it is used by the kernel before the command
line is parsed.
mem=<size>
<size> is an integer in C notation optionally followed by K, M
or G (meaning << 10, << 20 or << 30). This specifies the end
of memory to the kernel. This affects the possible placement
of an initrd, since an initrd should be placed near end of
memory. Note that this is an option to *both* the kernel and
the bootloader!
initrd=<file>
An initrd should be loaded. The meaning of <file> is
obviously bootloader-dependent, and some boot loaders
(e.g. LILO) do not have such a command.
In addition, some boot loaders add the following options to the
user-specified command line:
BOOT_IMAGE=<file>
The boot image which was loaded. Again, the meaning of <file>
is obviously bootloader-dependent.
auto
The kernel was booted without explicit user intervention.
If these options are added by the boot loader, it is highly
recommended that they are located *first*, before the user-specified
or configuration-specified command line. Otherwise, "init=/bin/sh"
gets confused by the "auto" option.
**** RUNNING THE KERNEL
The kernel is started by jumping to the kernel entry point, which is
located at *segment* offset 0x20 from the start of the real mode
kernel. This means that if you loaded your real-mode kernel code at
0x90000, the kernel entry point is 9020:0000.
At entry, ds = es = ss should point to the start of the real-mode
kernel code (0x9000 if the code is loaded at 0x90000), sp should be
set up properly, normally pointing to the top of the heap, and
interrupts should be disabled. Furthermore, to guard against bugs in
the kernel, it is recommended that the boot loader sets fs = gs = ds =
es = ss.
In our example from above, we would do:
/* Note: in the case of the "old" kernel protocol, base_ptr must
be == 0x90000 at this point; see the previous sample code */
seg = base_ptr >> 4;
cli(); /* Enter with interrupts disabled! */
/* Set up the real-mode kernel stack */
_SS = seg;
_SP = 0x9000; /* Load SP immediately after loading SS! */
_DS = _ES = _FS = _GS = seg;
jmp_far(seg+0x20, 0); /* Run the kernel */
If your boot sector accesses a floppy drive, it is recommended to
switch off the floppy motor before running the kernel, since the
kernel boot leaves interrupts off and thus the motor will not be
switched off, especially if the loaded kernel has the floppy driver as
a demand-loaded module!
**** ADVANCED BOOT TIME HOOKS
If the boot loader runs in a particularly hostile environment (such as
LOADLIN, which runs under DOS) it may be impossible to follow the
standard memory location requirements. Such a boot loader may use the
following hooks that, if set, are invoked by the kernel at the
appropriate time. The use of these hooks should probably be
considered an absolutely last resort!
IMPORTANT: All the hooks are required to preserve %esp, %ebp, %esi and
%edi across invocation.
realmode_swtch:
A 16-bit real mode far subroutine invoked immediately before
entering protected mode. The default routine disables NMI, so
your routine should probably do so, too.
code32_start:
A 32-bit flat-mode routine *jumped* to immediately after the
transition to protected mode, but before the kernel is
uncompressed. No segments, except CS, are set up; you should
set them up to KERNEL_DS (0x18) yourself.
After completing your hook, you should jump to the address
that was in this field before your boot loader overwrote it.

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USB Legacy support
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>, January 2004
Also known as "USB Keyboard" or "USB Mouse support" in the BIOS Setup is a
feature that allows one to use the USB mouse and keyboard as if they were
their classic PS/2 counterparts. This means one can use an USB keyboard to
type in LILO for example.
It has several drawbacks, though:
1) On some machines, the emulated PS/2 mouse takes over even when no USB
mouse is present and a real PS/2 mouse is present. In that case the extra
features (wheel, extra buttons, touchpad mode) of the real PS/2 mouse may
not be available.
2) If CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G is enabled, the PS/2 mouse emulation can cause
system crashes, because the SMM BIOS is not expecting to be in PAE mode.
The Intel E7505 is a typical machine where this happens.
3) If AMD64 64-bit mode is enabled, again system crashes often happen,
because the SMM BIOS isn't expecting the CPU to be in 64-bit mode. The
BIOS manufacturers only test with Windows, and Windows doesn't do 64-bit
yet.
Solutions:
Problem 1) can be solved by loading the USB drivers prior to loading the
PS/2 mouse driver. Since the PS/2 mouse driver is in 2.6 compiled into
the kernel unconditionally, this means the USB drivers need to be
compiled-in, too.
Problem 2) can currently only be solved by either disabling HIGHMEM64G
in the kernel config or USB Legacy support in the BIOS. A BIOS update
could help, but so far no such update exists.
Problem 3) is usually fixed by a BIOS update. Check the board
manufacturers web site. If an update is not available, disable USB
Legacy support in the BIOS. If this alone doesn't help, try also adding
idle=poll on the kernel command line. The BIOS may be entering the SMM
on the HLT instruction as well.

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Summary of boot_params layout (kernel point of view)
( collected by Hans Lermen and Martin Mares )
The contents of boot_params are used to pass parameters from the
16-bit realmode code of the kernel to the 32-bit part. References/settings
to it mainly are in:
arch/i386/boot/setup.S
arch/i386/boot/video.S
arch/i386/kernel/head.S
arch/i386/kernel/setup.c
Offset Type Description
------ ---- -----------
0 32 bytes struct screen_info, SCREEN_INFO
ATTENTION, overlaps the following !!!
2 unsigned short EXT_MEM_K, extended memory size in Kb (from int 0x15)
0x20 unsigned short CL_MAGIC, commandline magic number (=0xA33F)
0x22 unsigned short CL_OFFSET, commandline offset
Address of commandline is calculated:
0x90000 + contents of CL_OFFSET
(only taken, when CL_MAGIC = 0xA33F)
0x40 20 bytes struct apm_bios_info, APM_BIOS_INFO
0x60 16 bytes Intel SpeedStep (IST) BIOS support information
0x80 16 bytes hd0-disk-parameter from intvector 0x41
0x90 16 bytes hd1-disk-parameter from intvector 0x46
0xa0 16 bytes System description table truncated to 16 bytes.
( struct sys_desc_table_struct )
0xb0 - 0x13f Free. Add more parameters here if you really need them.
0x140- 0x1be EDID_INFO Video mode setup
0x1c4 unsigned long EFI system table pointer
0x1c8 unsigned long EFI memory descriptor size
0x1cc unsigned long EFI memory descriptor version
0x1d0 unsigned long EFI memory descriptor map pointer
0x1d4 unsigned long EFI memory descriptor map size
0x1e0 unsigned long ALT_MEM_K, alternative mem check, in Kb
0x1e8 char number of entries in E820MAP (below)
0x1e9 unsigned char number of entries in EDDBUF (below)
0x1ea unsigned char number of entries in EDD_MBR_SIG_BUFFER (below)
0x1f1 char size of setup.S, number of sectors
0x1f2 unsigned short MOUNT_ROOT_RDONLY (if !=0)
0x1f4 unsigned short size of compressed kernel-part in the
(b)zImage-file (in 16 byte units, rounded up)
0x1f6 unsigned short swap_dev (unused AFAIK)
0x1f8 unsigned short RAMDISK_FLAGS
0x1fa unsigned short VGA-Mode (old one)
0x1fc unsigned short ORIG_ROOT_DEV (high=Major, low=minor)
0x1ff char AUX_DEVICE_INFO
0x200 short jump to start of setup code aka "reserved" field.
0x202 4 bytes Signature for SETUP-header, ="HdrS"
0x206 unsigned short Version number of header format
Current version is 0x0201...
0x208 8 bytes (used by setup.S for communication with boot loaders,
look there)
0x210 char LOADER_TYPE, = 0, old one
else it is set by the loader:
0xTV: T=0 for LILO
1 for Loadlin
2 for bootsect-loader
3 for SYSLINUX
4 for ETHERBOOT
V = version
0x211 char loadflags:
bit0 = 1: kernel is loaded high (bzImage)
bit7 = 1: Heap and pointer (see below) set by boot
loader.
0x212 unsigned short (setup.S)
0x214 unsigned long KERNEL_START, where the loader started the kernel
0x218 unsigned long INITRD_START, address of loaded ramdisk image
0x21c unsigned long INITRD_SIZE, size in bytes of ramdisk image
0x220 4 bytes (setup.S)
0x224 unsigned short setup.S heap end pointer
0x226 unsigned short zero_pad
0x228 unsigned long cmd_line_ptr
0x22c unsigned long ramdisk_max
0x230 16 bytes trampoline
0x290 - 0x2cf EDD_MBR_SIG_BUFFER (edd.S)
0x2d0 - 0x600 E820MAP
0x600 - 0x7ff EDDBUF (edd.S) for disk signature read sector
0x600 - 0x7eb EDDBUF (edd.S) for edd data