usb-skeleton.c 15 KB

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  1. // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
  2. /*
  3. * USB Skeleton driver - 2.2
  4. *
  5. * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman ([email protected])
  6. *
  7. * This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c
  8. * but has been rewritten to be easier to read and use.
  9. */
  10. #include <linux/kernel.h>
  11. #include <linux/errno.h>
  12. #include <linux/slab.h>
  13. #include <linux/module.h>
  14. #include <linux/kref.h>
  15. #include <linux/uaccess.h>
  16. #include <linux/usb.h>
  17. #include <linux/mutex.h>
  18. /* Define these values to match your devices */
  19. #define USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
  20. #define USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
  21. /* table of devices that work with this driver */
  22. static const struct usb_device_id skel_table[] = {
  23. { USB_DEVICE(USB_SKEL_VENDOR_ID, USB_SKEL_PRODUCT_ID) },
  24. { } /* Terminating entry */
  25. };
  26. MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, skel_table);
  27. /* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
  28. #define USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE 192
  29. /* our private defines. if this grows any larger, use your own .h file */
  30. #define MAX_TRANSFER (PAGE_SIZE - 512)
  31. /*
  32. * MAX_TRANSFER is chosen so that the VM is not stressed by
  33. * allocations > PAGE_SIZE and the number of packets in a page
  34. * is an integer 512 is the largest possible packet on EHCI
  35. */
  36. #define WRITES_IN_FLIGHT 8
  37. /* arbitrarily chosen */
  38. /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
  39. struct usb_skel {
  40. struct usb_device *udev; /* the usb device for this device */
  41. struct usb_interface *interface; /* the interface for this device */
  42. struct semaphore limit_sem; /* limiting the number of writes in progress */
  43. struct usb_anchor submitted; /* in case we need to retract our submissions */
  44. struct urb *bulk_in_urb; /* the urb to read data with */
  45. unsigned char *bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to receive data */
  46. size_t bulk_in_size; /* the size of the receive buffer */
  47. size_t bulk_in_filled; /* number of bytes in the buffer */
  48. size_t bulk_in_copied; /* already copied to user space */
  49. __u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk in endpoint */
  50. __u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the bulk out endpoint */
  51. int errors; /* the last request tanked */
  52. bool ongoing_read; /* a read is going on */
  53. spinlock_t err_lock; /* lock for errors */
  54. struct kref kref;
  55. struct mutex io_mutex; /* synchronize I/O with disconnect */
  56. unsigned long disconnected:1;
  57. wait_queue_head_t bulk_in_wait; /* to wait for an ongoing read */
  58. };
  59. #define to_skel_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_skel, kref)
  60. static struct usb_driver skel_driver;
  61. static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev);
  62. static void skel_delete(struct kref *kref)
  63. {
  64. struct usb_skel *dev = to_skel_dev(kref);
  65. usb_free_urb(dev->bulk_in_urb);
  66. usb_put_intf(dev->interface);
  67. usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
  68. kfree(dev->bulk_in_buffer);
  69. kfree(dev);
  70. }
  71. static int skel_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  72. {
  73. struct usb_skel *dev;
  74. struct usb_interface *interface;
  75. int subminor;
  76. int retval = 0;
  77. subminor = iminor(inode);
  78. interface = usb_find_interface(&skel_driver, subminor);
  79. if (!interface) {
  80. pr_err("%s - error, can't find device for minor %d\n",
  81. __func__, subminor);
  82. retval = -ENODEV;
  83. goto exit;
  84. }
  85. dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
  86. if (!dev) {
  87. retval = -ENODEV;
  88. goto exit;
  89. }
  90. retval = usb_autopm_get_interface(interface);
  91. if (retval)
  92. goto exit;
  93. /* increment our usage count for the device */
  94. kref_get(&dev->kref);
  95. /* save our object in the file's private structure */
  96. file->private_data = dev;
  97. exit:
  98. return retval;
  99. }
  100. static int skel_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
  101. {
  102. struct usb_skel *dev;
  103. dev = file->private_data;
  104. if (dev == NULL)
  105. return -ENODEV;
  106. /* allow the device to be autosuspended */
  107. usb_autopm_put_interface(dev->interface);
  108. /* decrement the count on our device */
  109. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  110. return 0;
  111. }
  112. static int skel_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id)
  113. {
  114. struct usb_skel *dev;
  115. int res;
  116. dev = file->private_data;
  117. if (dev == NULL)
  118. return -ENODEV;
  119. /* wait for io to stop */
  120. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  121. skel_draw_down(dev);
  122. /* read out errors, leave subsequent opens a clean slate */
  123. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  124. res = dev->errors ? (dev->errors == -EPIPE ? -EPIPE : -EIO) : 0;
  125. dev->errors = 0;
  126. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  127. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  128. return res;
  129. }
  130. static void skel_read_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
  131. {
  132. struct usb_skel *dev;
  133. unsigned long flags;
  134. dev = urb->context;
  135. spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->err_lock, flags);
  136. /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
  137. if (urb->status) {
  138. if (!(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
  139. urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
  140. urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN))
  141. dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
  142. "%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d\n",
  143. __func__, urb->status);
  144. dev->errors = urb->status;
  145. } else {
  146. dev->bulk_in_filled = urb->actual_length;
  147. }
  148. dev->ongoing_read = 0;
  149. spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->err_lock, flags);
  150. wake_up_interruptible(&dev->bulk_in_wait);
  151. }
  152. static int skel_do_read_io(struct usb_skel *dev, size_t count)
  153. {
  154. int rv;
  155. /* prepare a read */
  156. usb_fill_bulk_urb(dev->bulk_in_urb,
  157. dev->udev,
  158. usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev->udev,
  159. dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
  160. dev->bulk_in_buffer,
  161. min(dev->bulk_in_size, count),
  162. skel_read_bulk_callback,
  163. dev);
  164. /* tell everybody to leave the URB alone */
  165. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  166. dev->ongoing_read = 1;
  167. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  168. /* submit bulk in urb, which means no data to deliver */
  169. dev->bulk_in_filled = 0;
  170. dev->bulk_in_copied = 0;
  171. /* do it */
  172. rv = usb_submit_urb(dev->bulk_in_urb, GFP_KERNEL);
  173. if (rv < 0) {
  174. dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
  175. "%s - failed submitting read urb, error %d\n",
  176. __func__, rv);
  177. rv = (rv == -ENOMEM) ? rv : -EIO;
  178. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  179. dev->ongoing_read = 0;
  180. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  181. }
  182. return rv;
  183. }
  184. static ssize_t skel_read(struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count,
  185. loff_t *ppos)
  186. {
  187. struct usb_skel *dev;
  188. int rv;
  189. bool ongoing_io;
  190. dev = file->private_data;
  191. if (!count)
  192. return 0;
  193. /* no concurrent readers */
  194. rv = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->io_mutex);
  195. if (rv < 0)
  196. return rv;
  197. if (dev->disconnected) { /* disconnect() was called */
  198. rv = -ENODEV;
  199. goto exit;
  200. }
  201. /* if IO is under way, we must not touch things */
  202. retry:
  203. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  204. ongoing_io = dev->ongoing_read;
  205. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  206. if (ongoing_io) {
  207. /* nonblocking IO shall not wait */
  208. if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
  209. rv = -EAGAIN;
  210. goto exit;
  211. }
  212. /*
  213. * IO may take forever
  214. * hence wait in an interruptible state
  215. */
  216. rv = wait_event_interruptible(dev->bulk_in_wait, (!dev->ongoing_read));
  217. if (rv < 0)
  218. goto exit;
  219. }
  220. /* errors must be reported */
  221. rv = dev->errors;
  222. if (rv < 0) {
  223. /* any error is reported once */
  224. dev->errors = 0;
  225. /* to preserve notifications about reset */
  226. rv = (rv == -EPIPE) ? rv : -EIO;
  227. /* report it */
  228. goto exit;
  229. }
  230. /*
  231. * if the buffer is filled we may satisfy the read
  232. * else we need to start IO
  233. */
  234. if (dev->bulk_in_filled) {
  235. /* we had read data */
  236. size_t available = dev->bulk_in_filled - dev->bulk_in_copied;
  237. size_t chunk = min(available, count);
  238. if (!available) {
  239. /*
  240. * all data has been used
  241. * actual IO needs to be done
  242. */
  243. rv = skel_do_read_io(dev, count);
  244. if (rv < 0)
  245. goto exit;
  246. else
  247. goto retry;
  248. }
  249. /*
  250. * data is available
  251. * chunk tells us how much shall be copied
  252. */
  253. if (copy_to_user(buffer,
  254. dev->bulk_in_buffer + dev->bulk_in_copied,
  255. chunk))
  256. rv = -EFAULT;
  257. else
  258. rv = chunk;
  259. dev->bulk_in_copied += chunk;
  260. /*
  261. * if we are asked for more than we have,
  262. * we start IO but don't wait
  263. */
  264. if (available < count)
  265. skel_do_read_io(dev, count - chunk);
  266. } else {
  267. /* no data in the buffer */
  268. rv = skel_do_read_io(dev, count);
  269. if (rv < 0)
  270. goto exit;
  271. else
  272. goto retry;
  273. }
  274. exit:
  275. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  276. return rv;
  277. }
  278. static void skel_write_bulk_callback(struct urb *urb)
  279. {
  280. struct usb_skel *dev;
  281. unsigned long flags;
  282. dev = urb->context;
  283. /* sync/async unlink faults aren't errors */
  284. if (urb->status) {
  285. if (!(urb->status == -ENOENT ||
  286. urb->status == -ECONNRESET ||
  287. urb->status == -ESHUTDOWN))
  288. dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
  289. "%s - nonzero write bulk status received: %d\n",
  290. __func__, urb->status);
  291. spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->err_lock, flags);
  292. dev->errors = urb->status;
  293. spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->err_lock, flags);
  294. }
  295. /* free up our allocated buffer */
  296. usb_free_coherent(urb->dev, urb->transfer_buffer_length,
  297. urb->transfer_buffer, urb->transfer_dma);
  298. up(&dev->limit_sem);
  299. }
  300. static ssize_t skel_write(struct file *file, const char *user_buffer,
  301. size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
  302. {
  303. struct usb_skel *dev;
  304. int retval = 0;
  305. struct urb *urb = NULL;
  306. char *buf = NULL;
  307. size_t writesize = min_t(size_t, count, MAX_TRANSFER);
  308. dev = file->private_data;
  309. /* verify that we actually have some data to write */
  310. if (count == 0)
  311. goto exit;
  312. /*
  313. * limit the number of URBs in flight to stop a user from using up all
  314. * RAM
  315. */
  316. if (!(file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)) {
  317. if (down_interruptible(&dev->limit_sem)) {
  318. retval = -ERESTARTSYS;
  319. goto exit;
  320. }
  321. } else {
  322. if (down_trylock(&dev->limit_sem)) {
  323. retval = -EAGAIN;
  324. goto exit;
  325. }
  326. }
  327. spin_lock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  328. retval = dev->errors;
  329. if (retval < 0) {
  330. /* any error is reported once */
  331. dev->errors = 0;
  332. /* to preserve notifications about reset */
  333. retval = (retval == -EPIPE) ? retval : -EIO;
  334. }
  335. spin_unlock_irq(&dev->err_lock);
  336. if (retval < 0)
  337. goto error;
  338. /* create a urb, and a buffer for it, and copy the data to the urb */
  339. urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
  340. if (!urb) {
  341. retval = -ENOMEM;
  342. goto error;
  343. }
  344. buf = usb_alloc_coherent(dev->udev, writesize, GFP_KERNEL,
  345. &urb->transfer_dma);
  346. if (!buf) {
  347. retval = -ENOMEM;
  348. goto error;
  349. }
  350. if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buffer, writesize)) {
  351. retval = -EFAULT;
  352. goto error;
  353. }
  354. /* this lock makes sure we don't submit URBs to gone devices */
  355. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  356. if (dev->disconnected) { /* disconnect() was called */
  357. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  358. retval = -ENODEV;
  359. goto error;
  360. }
  361. /* initialize the urb properly */
  362. usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, dev->udev,
  363. usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
  364. buf, writesize, skel_write_bulk_callback, dev);
  365. urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
  366. usb_anchor_urb(urb, &dev->submitted);
  367. /* send the data out the bulk port */
  368. retval = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_KERNEL);
  369. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  370. if (retval) {
  371. dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
  372. "%s - failed submitting write urb, error %d\n",
  373. __func__, retval);
  374. goto error_unanchor;
  375. }
  376. /*
  377. * release our reference to this urb, the USB core will eventually free
  378. * it entirely
  379. */
  380. usb_free_urb(urb);
  381. return writesize;
  382. error_unanchor:
  383. usb_unanchor_urb(urb);
  384. error:
  385. if (urb) {
  386. usb_free_coherent(dev->udev, writesize, buf, urb->transfer_dma);
  387. usb_free_urb(urb);
  388. }
  389. up(&dev->limit_sem);
  390. exit:
  391. return retval;
  392. }
  393. static const struct file_operations skel_fops = {
  394. .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  395. .read = skel_read,
  396. .write = skel_write,
  397. .open = skel_open,
  398. .release = skel_release,
  399. .flush = skel_flush,
  400. .llseek = noop_llseek,
  401. };
  402. /*
  403. * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
  404. * and to have the device registered with the driver core
  405. */
  406. static struct usb_class_driver skel_class = {
  407. .name = "skel%d",
  408. .fops = &skel_fops,
  409. .minor_base = USB_SKEL_MINOR_BASE,
  410. };
  411. static int skel_probe(struct usb_interface *interface,
  412. const struct usb_device_id *id)
  413. {
  414. struct usb_skel *dev;
  415. struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *bulk_in, *bulk_out;
  416. int retval;
  417. /* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
  418. dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  419. if (!dev)
  420. return -ENOMEM;
  421. kref_init(&dev->kref);
  422. sema_init(&dev->limit_sem, WRITES_IN_FLIGHT);
  423. mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
  424. spin_lock_init(&dev->err_lock);
  425. init_usb_anchor(&dev->submitted);
  426. init_waitqueue_head(&dev->bulk_in_wait);
  427. dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
  428. dev->interface = usb_get_intf(interface);
  429. /* set up the endpoint information */
  430. /* use only the first bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints */
  431. retval = usb_find_common_endpoints(interface->cur_altsetting,
  432. &bulk_in, &bulk_out, NULL, NULL);
  433. if (retval) {
  434. dev_err(&interface->dev,
  435. "Could not find both bulk-in and bulk-out endpoints\n");
  436. goto error;
  437. }
  438. dev->bulk_in_size = usb_endpoint_maxp(bulk_in);
  439. dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = bulk_in->bEndpointAddress;
  440. dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc(dev->bulk_in_size, GFP_KERNEL);
  441. if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
  442. retval = -ENOMEM;
  443. goto error;
  444. }
  445. dev->bulk_in_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
  446. if (!dev->bulk_in_urb) {
  447. retval = -ENOMEM;
  448. goto error;
  449. }
  450. dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = bulk_out->bEndpointAddress;
  451. /* save our data pointer in this interface device */
  452. usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
  453. /* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
  454. retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &skel_class);
  455. if (retval) {
  456. /* something prevented us from registering this driver */
  457. dev_err(&interface->dev,
  458. "Not able to get a minor for this device.\n");
  459. usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
  460. goto error;
  461. }
  462. /* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
  463. dev_info(&interface->dev,
  464. "USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel-%d",
  465. interface->minor);
  466. return 0;
  467. error:
  468. /* this frees allocated memory */
  469. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  470. return retval;
  471. }
  472. static void skel_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
  473. {
  474. struct usb_skel *dev;
  475. int minor = interface->minor;
  476. dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
  477. usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
  478. /* give back our minor */
  479. usb_deregister_dev(interface, &skel_class);
  480. /* prevent more I/O from starting */
  481. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  482. dev->disconnected = 1;
  483. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  484. usb_kill_urb(dev->bulk_in_urb);
  485. usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
  486. /* decrement our usage count */
  487. kref_put(&dev->kref, skel_delete);
  488. dev_info(&interface->dev, "USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
  489. }
  490. static void skel_draw_down(struct usb_skel *dev)
  491. {
  492. int time;
  493. time = usb_wait_anchor_empty_timeout(&dev->submitted, 1000);
  494. if (!time)
  495. usb_kill_anchored_urbs(&dev->submitted);
  496. usb_kill_urb(dev->bulk_in_urb);
  497. }
  498. static int skel_suspend(struct usb_interface *intf, pm_message_t message)
  499. {
  500. struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
  501. if (!dev)
  502. return 0;
  503. skel_draw_down(dev);
  504. return 0;
  505. }
  506. static int skel_resume(struct usb_interface *intf)
  507. {
  508. return 0;
  509. }
  510. static int skel_pre_reset(struct usb_interface *intf)
  511. {
  512. struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
  513. mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
  514. skel_draw_down(dev);
  515. return 0;
  516. }
  517. static int skel_post_reset(struct usb_interface *intf)
  518. {
  519. struct usb_skel *dev = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
  520. /* we are sure no URBs are active - no locking needed */
  521. dev->errors = -EPIPE;
  522. mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
  523. return 0;
  524. }
  525. static struct usb_driver skel_driver = {
  526. .name = "skeleton",
  527. .probe = skel_probe,
  528. .disconnect = skel_disconnect,
  529. .suspend = skel_suspend,
  530. .resume = skel_resume,
  531. .pre_reset = skel_pre_reset,
  532. .post_reset = skel_post_reset,
  533. .id_table = skel_table,
  534. .supports_autosuspend = 1,
  535. };
  536. module_usb_driver(skel_driver);
  537. MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");