bitstream.h 17 KB

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  1. /* ******************************************************************
  2. * bitstream
  3. * Part of FSE library
  4. * Copyright (c) Yann Collet, Facebook, Inc.
  5. *
  6. * You can contact the author at :
  7. * - Source repository : https://github.com/Cyan4973/FiniteStateEntropy
  8. *
  9. * This source code is licensed under both the BSD-style license (found in the
  10. * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree) and the GPLv2 (found
  11. * in the COPYING file in the root directory of this source tree).
  12. * You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.
  13. ****************************************************************** */
  14. #ifndef BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
  15. #define BITSTREAM_H_MODULE
  16. /*
  17. * This API consists of small unitary functions, which must be inlined for best performance.
  18. * Since link-time-optimization is not available for all compilers,
  19. * these functions are defined into a .h to be included.
  20. */
  21. /*-****************************************
  22. * Dependencies
  23. ******************************************/
  24. #include "mem.h" /* unaligned access routines */
  25. #include "compiler.h" /* UNLIKELY() */
  26. #include "debug.h" /* assert(), DEBUGLOG(), RAWLOG() */
  27. #include "error_private.h" /* error codes and messages */
  28. /*=========================================
  29. * Target specific
  30. =========================================*/
  31. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 25
  32. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64 57
  33. #define STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN ((U32)(MEM_32bits() ? STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_32 : STREAM_ACCUMULATOR_MIN_64))
  34. /*-******************************************
  35. * bitStream encoding API (write forward)
  36. ********************************************/
  37. /* bitStream can mix input from multiple sources.
  38. * A critical property of these streams is that they encode and decode in **reverse** direction.
  39. * So the first bit sequence you add will be the last to be read, like a LIFO stack.
  40. */
  41. typedef struct {
  42. size_t bitContainer;
  43. unsigned bitPos;
  44. char* startPtr;
  45. char* ptr;
  46. char* endPtr;
  47. } BIT_CStream_t;
  48. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, void* dstBuffer, size_t dstCapacity);
  49. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
  50. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  51. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  52. /* Start with initCStream, providing the size of buffer to write into.
  53. * bitStream will never write outside of this buffer.
  54. * `dstCapacity` must be >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise @return will be an error code.
  55. *
  56. * bits are first added to a local register.
  57. * Local register is size_t, hence 64-bits on 64-bits systems, or 32-bits on 32-bits systems.
  58. * Writing data into memory is an explicit operation, performed by the flushBits function.
  59. * Hence keep track how many bits are potentially stored into local register to avoid register overflow.
  60. * After a flushBits, a maximum of 7 bits might still be stored into local register.
  61. *
  62. * Avoid storing elements of more than 24 bits if you want compatibility with 32-bits bitstream readers.
  63. *
  64. * Last operation is to close the bitStream.
  65. * The function returns the final size of CStream in bytes.
  66. * If data couldn't fit into `dstBuffer`, it will return a 0 ( == not storable)
  67. */
  68. /*-********************************************
  69. * bitStream decoding API (read backward)
  70. **********************************************/
  71. typedef struct {
  72. size_t bitContainer;
  73. unsigned bitsConsumed;
  74. const char* ptr;
  75. const char* start;
  76. const char* limitPtr;
  77. } BIT_DStream_t;
  78. typedef enum { BIT_DStream_unfinished = 0,
  79. BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer = 1,
  80. BIT_DStream_completed = 2,
  81. BIT_DStream_overflow = 3 } BIT_DStream_status; /* result of BIT_reloadDStream() */
  82. /* 1,2,4,8 would be better for bitmap combinations, but slows down performance a bit ... :( */
  83. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize);
  84. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
  85. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
  86. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD);
  87. /* Start by invoking BIT_initDStream().
  88. * A chunk of the bitStream is then stored into a local register.
  89. * Local register size is 64-bits on 64-bits systems, 32-bits on 32-bits systems (size_t).
  90. * You can then retrieve bitFields stored into the local register, **in reverse order**.
  91. * Local register is explicitly reloaded from memory by the BIT_reloadDStream() method.
  92. * A reload guarantee a minimum of ((8*sizeof(bitD->bitContainer))-7) bits when its result is BIT_DStream_unfinished.
  93. * Otherwise, it can be less than that, so proceed accordingly.
  94. * Checking if DStream has reached its end can be performed with BIT_endOfDStream().
  95. */
  96. /*-****************************************
  97. * unsafe API
  98. ******************************************/
  99. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC, size_t value, unsigned nbBits);
  100. /* faster, but works only if value is "clean", meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
  101. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC);
  102. /* unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
  103. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits);
  104. /* faster, but works only if nbBits >= 1 */
  105. /*-**************************************************************
  106. * Internal functions
  107. ****************************************************************/
  108. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_highbit32 (U32 val)
  109. {
  110. assert(val != 0);
  111. {
  112. # if (__GNUC__ >= 3) /* Use GCC Intrinsic */
  113. return __builtin_clz (val) ^ 31;
  114. # else /* Software version */
  115. static const unsigned DeBruijnClz[32] = { 0, 9, 1, 10, 13, 21, 2, 29,
  116. 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25, 3, 30,
  117. 8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24, 7,
  118. 19, 27, 23, 6, 26, 5, 4, 31 };
  119. U32 v = val;
  120. v |= v >> 1;
  121. v |= v >> 2;
  122. v |= v >> 4;
  123. v |= v >> 8;
  124. v |= v >> 16;
  125. return DeBruijnClz[ (U32) (v * 0x07C4ACDDU) >> 27];
  126. # endif
  127. }
  128. }
  129. /*===== Local Constants =====*/
  130. static const unsigned BIT_mask[] = {
  131. 0, 1, 3, 7, 0xF, 0x1F,
  132. 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF, 0x1FF, 0x3FF, 0x7FF,
  133. 0xFFF, 0x1FFF, 0x3FFF, 0x7FFF, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFF,
  134. 0x3FFFF, 0x7FFFF, 0xFFFFF, 0x1FFFFF, 0x3FFFFF, 0x7FFFFF,
  135. 0xFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFF, 0x3FFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFF, 0x1FFFFFFF,
  136. 0x3FFFFFFF, 0x7FFFFFFF}; /* up to 31 bits */
  137. #define BIT_MASK_SIZE (sizeof(BIT_mask) / sizeof(BIT_mask[0]))
  138. /*-**************************************************************
  139. * bitStream encoding
  140. ****************************************************************/
  141. /*! BIT_initCStream() :
  142. * `dstCapacity` must be > sizeof(size_t)
  143. * @return : 0 if success,
  144. * otherwise an error code (can be tested using ERR_isError()) */
  145. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  146. void* startPtr, size_t dstCapacity)
  147. {
  148. bitC->bitContainer = 0;
  149. bitC->bitPos = 0;
  150. bitC->startPtr = (char*)startPtr;
  151. bitC->ptr = bitC->startPtr;
  152. bitC->endPtr = bitC->startPtr + dstCapacity - sizeof(bitC->bitContainer);
  153. if (dstCapacity <= sizeof(bitC->bitContainer)) return ERROR(dstSize_tooSmall);
  154. return 0;
  155. }
  156. /*! BIT_addBits() :
  157. * can add up to 31 bits into `bitC`.
  158. * Note : does not check for register overflow ! */
  159. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  160. size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
  161. {
  162. DEBUG_STATIC_ASSERT(BIT_MASK_SIZE == 32);
  163. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  164. assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  165. bitC->bitContainer |= (value & BIT_mask[nbBits]) << bitC->bitPos;
  166. bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
  167. }
  168. /*! BIT_addBitsFast() :
  169. * works only if `value` is _clean_,
  170. * meaning all high bits above nbBits are 0 */
  171. MEM_STATIC void BIT_addBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC,
  172. size_t value, unsigned nbBits)
  173. {
  174. assert((value>>nbBits) == 0);
  175. assert(nbBits + bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  176. bitC->bitContainer |= value << bitC->bitPos;
  177. bitC->bitPos += nbBits;
  178. }
  179. /*! BIT_flushBitsFast() :
  180. * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
  181. * unsafe version; does not check buffer overflow */
  182. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBitsFast(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  183. {
  184. size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
  185. assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  186. assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
  187. MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
  188. bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
  189. bitC->bitPos &= 7;
  190. bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
  191. }
  192. /*! BIT_flushBits() :
  193. * assumption : bitContainer has not overflowed
  194. * safe version; check for buffer overflow, and prevents it.
  195. * note : does not signal buffer overflow.
  196. * overflow will be revealed later on using BIT_closeCStream() */
  197. MEM_STATIC void BIT_flushBits(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  198. {
  199. size_t const nbBytes = bitC->bitPos >> 3;
  200. assert(bitC->bitPos < sizeof(bitC->bitContainer) * 8);
  201. assert(bitC->ptr <= bitC->endPtr);
  202. MEM_writeLEST(bitC->ptr, bitC->bitContainer);
  203. bitC->ptr += nbBytes;
  204. if (bitC->ptr > bitC->endPtr) bitC->ptr = bitC->endPtr;
  205. bitC->bitPos &= 7;
  206. bitC->bitContainer >>= nbBytes*8;
  207. }
  208. /*! BIT_closeCStream() :
  209. * @return : size of CStream, in bytes,
  210. * or 0 if it could not fit into dstBuffer */
  211. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_closeCStream(BIT_CStream_t* bitC)
  212. {
  213. BIT_addBitsFast(bitC, 1, 1); /* endMark */
  214. BIT_flushBits(bitC);
  215. if (bitC->ptr >= bitC->endPtr) return 0; /* overflow detected */
  216. return (bitC->ptr - bitC->startPtr) + (bitC->bitPos > 0);
  217. }
  218. /*-********************************************************
  219. * bitStream decoding
  220. **********************************************************/
  221. /*! BIT_initDStream() :
  222. * Initialize a BIT_DStream_t.
  223. * `bitD` : a pointer to an already allocated BIT_DStream_t structure.
  224. * `srcSize` must be the *exact* size of the bitStream, in bytes.
  225. * @return : size of stream (== srcSize), or an errorCode if a problem is detected
  226. */
  227. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_initDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, const void* srcBuffer, size_t srcSize)
  228. {
  229. if (srcSize < 1) { ZSTD_memset(bitD, 0, sizeof(*bitD)); return ERROR(srcSize_wrong); }
  230. bitD->start = (const char*)srcBuffer;
  231. bitD->limitPtr = bitD->start + sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
  232. if (srcSize >= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)) { /* normal case */
  233. bitD->ptr = (const char*)srcBuffer + srcSize - sizeof(bitD->bitContainer);
  234. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
  235. { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
  236. bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0; /* ensures bitsConsumed is always set */
  237. if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(GENERIC); /* endMark not present */ }
  238. } else {
  239. bitD->ptr = bitD->start;
  240. bitD->bitContainer = *(const BYTE*)(bitD->start);
  241. switch(srcSize)
  242. {
  243. case 7: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[6]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 16);
  244. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  245. case 6: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[5]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 24);
  246. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  247. case 5: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[4]) << (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 32);
  248. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  249. case 4: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[3]) << 24;
  250. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  251. case 3: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[2]) << 16;
  252. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  253. case 2: bitD->bitContainer += (size_t)(((const BYTE*)(srcBuffer))[1]) << 8;
  254. ZSTD_FALLTHROUGH;
  255. default: break;
  256. }
  257. { BYTE const lastByte = ((const BYTE*)srcBuffer)[srcSize-1];
  258. bitD->bitsConsumed = lastByte ? 8 - BIT_highbit32(lastByte) : 0;
  259. if (lastByte == 0) return ERROR(corruption_detected); /* endMark not present */
  260. }
  261. bitD->bitsConsumed += (U32)(sizeof(bitD->bitContainer) - srcSize)*8;
  262. }
  263. return srcSize;
  264. }
  265. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getUpperBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start)
  266. {
  267. return bitContainer >> start;
  268. }
  269. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getMiddleBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const start, U32 const nbBits)
  270. {
  271. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  272. /* if start > regMask, bitstream is corrupted, and result is undefined */
  273. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  274. return (bitContainer >> (start & regMask)) & BIT_mask[nbBits];
  275. }
  276. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_getLowerBits(size_t bitContainer, U32 const nbBits)
  277. {
  278. assert(nbBits < BIT_MASK_SIZE);
  279. return bitContainer & BIT_mask[nbBits];
  280. }
  281. /*! BIT_lookBits() :
  282. * Provides next n bits from local register.
  283. * local register is not modified.
  284. * On 32-bits, maxNbBits==24.
  285. * On 64-bits, maxNbBits==56.
  286. * @return : value extracted */
  287. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_lookBits(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  288. {
  289. /* arbitrate between double-shift and shift+mask */
  290. #if 1
  291. /* if bitD->bitsConsumed + nbBits > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8,
  292. * bitstream is likely corrupted, and result is undefined */
  293. return BIT_getMiddleBits(bitD->bitContainer, (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) - bitD->bitsConsumed - nbBits, nbBits);
  294. #else
  295. /* this code path is slower on my os-x laptop */
  296. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  297. return ((bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> 1) >> ((regMask-nbBits) & regMask);
  298. #endif
  299. }
  300. /*! BIT_lookBitsFast() :
  301. * unsafe version; only works if nbBits >= 1 */
  302. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_lookBitsFast(const BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  303. {
  304. U32 const regMask = sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 - 1;
  305. assert(nbBits >= 1);
  306. return (bitD->bitContainer << (bitD->bitsConsumed & regMask)) >> (((regMask+1)-nbBits) & regMask);
  307. }
  308. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR void BIT_skipBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, U32 nbBits)
  309. {
  310. bitD->bitsConsumed += nbBits;
  311. }
  312. /*! BIT_readBits() :
  313. * Read (consume) next n bits from local register and update.
  314. * Pay attention to not read more than nbBits contained into local register.
  315. * @return : extracted value. */
  316. MEM_STATIC FORCE_INLINE_ATTR size_t BIT_readBits(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
  317. {
  318. size_t const value = BIT_lookBits(bitD, nbBits);
  319. BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
  320. return value;
  321. }
  322. /*! BIT_readBitsFast() :
  323. * unsafe version; only works only if nbBits >= 1 */
  324. MEM_STATIC size_t BIT_readBitsFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD, unsigned nbBits)
  325. {
  326. size_t const value = BIT_lookBitsFast(bitD, nbBits);
  327. assert(nbBits >= 1);
  328. BIT_skipBits(bitD, nbBits);
  329. return value;
  330. }
  331. /*! BIT_reloadDStreamFast() :
  332. * Similar to BIT_reloadDStream(), but with two differences:
  333. * 1. bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8 must hold!
  334. * 2. Returns BIT_DStream_overflow when bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr, at this
  335. * point you must use BIT_reloadDStream() to reload.
  336. */
  337. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStreamFast(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  338. {
  339. if (UNLIKELY(bitD->ptr < bitD->limitPtr))
  340. return BIT_DStream_overflow;
  341. assert(bitD->bitsConsumed <= sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8);
  342. bitD->ptr -= bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
  343. bitD->bitsConsumed &= 7;
  344. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr);
  345. return BIT_DStream_unfinished;
  346. }
  347. /*! BIT_reloadDStream() :
  348. * Refill `bitD` from buffer previously set in BIT_initDStream() .
  349. * This function is safe, it guarantees it will not read beyond src buffer.
  350. * @return : status of `BIT_DStream_t` internal register.
  351. * when status == BIT_DStream_unfinished, internal register is filled with at least 25 or 57 bits */
  352. MEM_STATIC BIT_DStream_status BIT_reloadDStream(BIT_DStream_t* bitD)
  353. {
  354. if (bitD->bitsConsumed > (sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8)) /* overflow detected, like end of stream */
  355. return BIT_DStream_overflow;
  356. if (bitD->ptr >= bitD->limitPtr) {
  357. return BIT_reloadDStreamFast(bitD);
  358. }
  359. if (bitD->ptr == bitD->start) {
  360. if (bitD->bitsConsumed < sizeof(bitD->bitContainer)*8) return BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
  361. return BIT_DStream_completed;
  362. }
  363. /* start < ptr < limitPtr */
  364. { U32 nbBytes = bitD->bitsConsumed >> 3;
  365. BIT_DStream_status result = BIT_DStream_unfinished;
  366. if (bitD->ptr - nbBytes < bitD->start) {
  367. nbBytes = (U32)(bitD->ptr - bitD->start); /* ptr > start */
  368. result = BIT_DStream_endOfBuffer;
  369. }
  370. bitD->ptr -= nbBytes;
  371. bitD->bitsConsumed -= nbBytes*8;
  372. bitD->bitContainer = MEM_readLEST(bitD->ptr); /* reminder : srcSize > sizeof(bitD->bitContainer), otherwise bitD->ptr == bitD->start */
  373. return result;
  374. }
  375. }
  376. /*! BIT_endOfDStream() :
  377. * @return : 1 if DStream has _exactly_ reached its end (all bits consumed).
  378. */
  379. MEM_STATIC unsigned BIT_endOfDStream(const BIT_DStream_t* DStream)
  380. {
  381. return ((DStream->ptr == DStream->start) && (DStream->bitsConsumed == sizeof(DStream->bitContainer)*8));
  382. }
  383. #endif /* BITSTREAM_H_MODULE */